The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe shows bipolar growth and is a convenient model for studying cell polarity and polar growth. This paper shows that the related Schiz. japonicus var. japonicus can switch to unipolar growth and can exist in both yeast and mycelial phases. On solid media, the yeast phase is unstable and prone to switch to the mycelial form, which shows unipolar growth by tip elongation. The hyphae can colonize the body of the substrate (true mycelium) or just its surface (pseudo-mycelium). The yeast-to-mycelium transition and the growth of the mycelium are regulated by a nutritional gradient and are associated with extensive vacuolation. The mycelium can convert into arthroconidia or return to the yeast phase in response to environmental changes. These environmentally controlled morphological transitions make Schiz. japonicus var. japonicus an attractive model for the investigation of cell polarity and morphogenesis.
Cole,G. T., Samson,R. A.(1983) Conidium and conidiospore formation in pathogenic microfungi.. Edited by
Howard,D. H.Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, Biology. New York & Basel:: Marcel Dekker,;437–524
Garrison,R. G.(1983) Ultrastructural cytology of pathogenic fungi.. Edited by
Howard,D. H.Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, Biology. New York & Basel:: Marcel Dekker,;229–321
Gimeno,C. J., Ljungdahl,P. O., Style,C. A., Fink,G. R.(1992); Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: regulation of starvation and RAS.. Cell 68:(6)1077–1090 [View Article]
Gow,N. A. R., Gooday,G. W.(1982); Vacuolation, branch production and linear growth of germ tubes of Candida albicans.. Journal of General Microbiology 128:2195–2198
Gow,N. A. R., Gooday,G. W.(1987); Cytological aspects of dimorphism in Candida albicans.. Crc Critical Reviews in Microbiology 15:(1)73–78 [View Article]
Guevara-Olvera,L., Calvo-Mendez,C.,
Ruiz-HerreraJ.
(1993); The role of polyamine metabolism in dimorphism of Yarrowia lipolytica.. Journal of General Microbiology 139:(3)485–493 [View Article]
Hagan,I. M., Hyams,J. S.(1988); The use of cell division cycle mutants to investigate the control of microtubule distribution in the fission yeast Scbizosaccbaromyces pombe.. ] Cell Sci 89:343–357
Hill,K. L., Catlett,N. L., Weisman,L. S.(1996); Actin and myosin function in directed vacuole movement during cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.. Journal of Cell Biology 135:(6)1535–1549 [View Article]
Johnson,B. F., Calleja,G. B., Boisclair,I., Yoo,B. Y.(1979); Cell division in yeasts. III. The biassed, asymmetric location of the septum in the fission yeast cell, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Experimental Cell Research 123:(2)253–259 [View Article]
Kobayashi,G. S., Medoff,G., Maresca,B., Sacco,M., Kumar,B. V.(1985) Studies on phase transition in the dimorphic pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum.. Edited by
Szaniszlo,P. J.Fungal Dimorphism, with Emphasis on Fungi Pathogenic for Humans. New York:: Plenum,;69–91
Marks,J., Hyams,J. S.(1985); Localization of F-actin through the cell division cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. European Journal of Cell Biology 39:27–32
May,J. W., Mitchison,J. M.(1995); Pattern of polar extension of the cell wall in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41:(3)273–277 [View Article]
Mitchison,J. M., Nurse,P., Miyata,H., Miyata,M., Johnson,B. F.(1985); Growth in cell length in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Patterns of extension growth of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Journal of Cell Science 75:357–376 1986
Miyata,H., Miyata,M., Johnson,B. F.(1990); Pattern of end growth of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36:(6)390–394 [View Article]
Moreno,S., Klar,A., Nurse,P.(1991); Molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Methods in Enzymology, Vol 46: Research on Nitrification and Related Processes, Pt B. 194:795–823
Radford,D. R., Challacombe,S. J., Walter,J. D.(1997); Scanning electron microscopy of the development of structured aerial mycelia and satellite colonies of phenotypically switched Candida albicans.. Journal of Medical Microbiology 46:(4)326–332 [View Article]
Robson,G. D., Prebble,E., Rickers,A., Hosking,S., Denning,D. W. et al.(1996); Polarized growth of fungal hyphae is defined by an alkaline pH gradient.. Fungal Genetics and Biology 20:(4)289–298 [View Article]
San-Bias,F., San-Bias,G.(1985) Paracoccidoides brasiliensis.. Edited by
Szaniszlo,P. J.Fungal Dimorphism With Emphasis on Fungi Pathogenic for Humans. New York:: Plenum,;93–120
Sherwood-Higham,J.„ Zhu, Devine,W.-Y., C.,A., Gooday,G. W., Gow,N. A. R., Gregory,D. W.(1994); Helical growth of hyphae of Candida albicans.. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 32:(6)437–445 [View Article]
Sipiczki,M.(1995); Phylogenesis of fission yeasts. Contradictions surrounding the origin of a century old genus.. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 68:(2)119–149 [View Article]
Sipiczki,M., Grallert,A.(1997); Polarity, spatial organisation of cytoskeleton, and nuclear division in morphologically altered cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.. Can ] Microbiol 43:(11)991–998 [View Article]
Sipiczki,M., Kucsera,J., Ulaszevski,S., Zsolt,J.(1982); Hybridization studies by crossing and protoplast fusion within the genus Schizosaccharomyces Lindner.. Journal of General Microbiology 128:1989–2000
Sipiczki,M., Grallert,B., Miklos,I.(1993); Mycelial and syncytial growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe induced by novel septation mutations.. Journal of Cell Science 104:485–493
Snell,V., Nurse,P.(1993); Investigations into the control of cell form and polarity: the use of morphological mutants in fission yeast.. Development 1993 Supplement 289—299.
Soli,D. R.(1985) Candida albicans.. Edited by
Szaniszlo,P. J.Fungal Dimorphism with Emphasis on Fungi Pathogenic for Humans. New York:: Plenum,;167–195
van der Walt,J. P., Yarrow,D.(1984) Methods for the isolation, maintenance, classification and identification of yeasts.. Edited by
Kreger-van Rij,N. J. W.The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study. Amsterdam:: Elsevier,;45–104
Weisman,L. S., Wickner,W. T.(1988); Intervacuolar exchange in the yeast zygote: a new pathway in organelle communication.. Science 241:(4865)589–591 [View Article]
Wickes,B. L., Mayorga,M. E., Edman,U., Edman,J. C.(1996); Dimorphism and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans: association with the a-mating type.. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:(14)7327–7331 [View Article]
Yamaguchi,M., Miyatsu,Y., Horikawa,Y., Sugahara,K., Mizo-,, Kawase,H.,
kamiH.,
KawaseM.,
Tanake,H.(1994); Dynamics of hepatitis B virus core antigen in a transformed yeast cell: analysis with an inducible system.. Journal of Electron Microscopy 43:386–393
Yokoyama,K., Takeo,K.(1983); Differences of asymmetrical division between the pseudomycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans and their effect on multiplication.. Archives of Microbiology 134:(3)251–253 [View Article]