1887

Microbiology Society logo

Volume 144, Issue 3

Re-evaluation of the serotypes of and separation into two schemes based on lipopolysaccharide (O) and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigens Free

Abstract

Chemical and serological analysis has revealed that many of the 29 O serotype reference strains of Serratia marcescens contain both neutral and acidic polysaccharides which correspond to LPS O antigens and capsular K antigens, respectively. New O and K antigen typing schemes have therefore been devised, based on the known chemical structures of the surface polysaccharides of the organism. These schemes were designed to allow the specific detection of these antigens on unknown strains using ELISAs. O antigens were detected using whole cells cultured in broth then autoclaved to remove capsular material, while K antigens were detected using formolized whole cells which had been cultured on glycerol agar to enhance capsule production. After testing with the 29 reference strains as well as 423 distinct clinical strains, it was apparent that different aspects of chemical structure were associated with different degrees of serological reactivity and the typing schemes were modified further to accommodate this. In general, the O antigen repeating unit structures were chemically simple with di-or trisaccharide backbones. Serological specificity was often provided solely by the presence or absence of an -acetyl substituent, or a change in the linkage between two sugar residues. Five of the O serotypes in the new scheme were represented by 12 of the 29 reference strains, while three reference strains lacked O antigens altogether, resulting in the elimination of 10 of the original O types. In contrast, the K antigen repeating unit structures were more complex and chemically diverse, having at least four sugar residues. Three K types were each seen in two reference strains while 12 of the 29 reference strains were acapsular. Thus, the resulting schemes contain 19 O types and 14 K types and allow the definitive serotype identification of .

  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): capsules , LPS , O and K antigens , serotyping and Serratia marcescens
© Society for General Mcrobiology 1998
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639
1998-03-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/144/3/mic-144-3-639.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aucken H.M., Pitt T.L. 1993; Lipopolysaccharide profile typing as a technique for the comparative typing of Gram-negative bacteria.. J Clin Microbiol 31:1286–1289
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aucken H.M., Merkouroglou M., Miller A.W., Galbraith L., Wilkinson S.G. 1995; Structural and serological studies of lipopolysaccharides from proposed new serotypes (025 and O26) of Serratia marcescens.. FEMS Microbiol Lett 130:267–272
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Aucken H.M., Wilkinson S.G., Pitt T.L. 1996; Immuno-chemical characterisation of two new O serotypes of Serratia marcescens (027 and 028).. FEMS Microbiol Lett 138:77–82
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Aucken H.M., Wilkinson S.G., Pitt T.L. 1997; Identification of capsular antigens in Serratia marcescens.. J Clin Microbiol 35:59–63
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brigden C.J., Wilkinson S.G. 1983; Lipopolysaccharide from the 014 type strain of Serratia marcescens: structural studies of a polymeric fraction.. Carbohydr Res 115:183–190
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Brigden C.J., Wilkinson S.G. 1985a; Structural studies of acidic glucomannans from strains of Serratia marcescens 014 and 06.. Carbohydr Res 138:267–276
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Brigden C.J., Wilkinson S.G. 1985; . Structural studies of a neutral polymeric fraction from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens CDC 1783–57 (014:H9).. Carbohydr Res 145:81–87
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Brigden C.J., Furn S., Wilkinson S.G. 1985; Structural studies of neutral polymers isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of Serratia marcescens 06 (strain CDC 862–57) and 012 (CDC 6320–58).. Carbohydr Res 139:298–301
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Davis B.R., Woodward J.M. 1957; Some relationships of the somatic antigens of a group of Serratia marcescens cultures.. Can J Microbiol 3:591–597
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Ewing W.H., Davis B.R., Reavis R.W. 1959 Studies on the Serratia Group. Atlanta, GA:: Centers for Disease Control.;
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Ewing W.H., Johnson J.G., Davis B.R. 1962 The Occurrence of Serratia marcescens in Nosocomial Infections. Atlanta, GA:: Centers for Disease Control.;
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Farmer J.J. III Davis B.R., Hickman F.W., Presley D.B., Bodey G.P., Negut M., Bobo R.A. 1976; Detection of Serratiaoutbreaks in hospital.. Lancet 2:455–459
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Furn S., Wilkinson S.G. 1985; Structure of a neutral polymer isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens O1 (strain CDC 866–57).. Carbohydr Res 139:293–297
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Gaston M.A., Pitt T.L. 1989a; O-antigen specificities of the serotype strains of Serratia marcescens.. J Clin Microbiol 27:2697–2701
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Gaston M.A., Pitt T.L. 1989b; Improved O-serotyping method for Serratia marcescens.. J Clin Microbiol 27:2702–2705
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Gaston M.A., Duff P.S., Pitt T.L. 1988; Lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in strains of Serratia marcescens agglutinated by 014 antiserum.. Curr Microbiol 17:27–31
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Hitchcock P.J., Brown T.M. 1983; Morphological heterogeneity among Salmonella lipopolysaccharide chemotypes in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels.. J Bacteriol 154:269–277
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Holst O., Aucken H.M., Seltmann G. 1997; Structural and serological characterisation of the O-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from proposed new serotype 029 of Serratia marcescens.. J Endotoxin Res 4:215–220
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Johansson A., Widmaim G., Jansson P.-E., Wilkinson S.G. 1995; Structure of an acidic microcapsular glycan from the reference strain (CDC 866–57) for Serratia marcescens serogroup O1.. Carbohydr Res 270:191–199
     [Google Scholar]
  20. King E.O., Ward M.K., Raney D.E. 1954; Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin.. J Lab Clin Med 14:301–308
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Le Minor S., Pigache F. 1978; Étude antigénique de souches de Serratia marcescens isolées en France. II. Caractérisation des antigènes O et individualisation de 5 nouveaux facteurs, fréquence de sérotypes et désignation des nouveaux facteurs H.. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 129B:407–423
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Le Minor S., Sauvageot-Pigache F. 1981; Nouveaux facteurs antigéniques H (H21–H25) et O (021) de Serratia marcescens,subdivision des facteurs 05, 010, 016.. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 132A:239–252
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Le Minor S., Benazet F., Martin L. 1983; Nouveaux facteurs antigeniques O (023) et H (H26) de Serratia marcescens.. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 134B:447–449
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Ørskov F. 1976; Agarose electrophoresis combined with second dimensional Cetavlon precipitation. A new method for dem-onstration of acidic polysaccharide K antigens.. Acta Path Microbiol Scand B 84:319–320
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Ørskov F., Ørskov I. 1992; Escherichia coli serotyping and disease in man and animals.. Can J Microbiol 38:699–704
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Ørskov I., Ørskov F. 1984; Serotyping of Klebsiella.. Methods Microbiol 14:143–164
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1986; Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens 08.. Eur J Biochem 156:597–601
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1987; Structural studies of the putative O-specific polysaccharide of Serratia marcescens 09.. Eur J Biochem 166:421–424
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988a; Studies of lipopoly-saccharides from two strains (CDC 3607–60 and IP421) of Serratia marcescens 013, structure of the putative 013 antigen.. Carbo-hydr Res 172:275–286
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988b; Structure of a neutral polymer isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens 05 (CDC 867–57).. Carbohydr Res 172:287–291
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988c; Structural studies of glucorhamnans isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of reference strains for Serratia marcescens serogroups 04 and 07, and of an 014 strain.. Carbohydr Res 175:111–117
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988d; Structure of a neutral polymer isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain (CDC 4523–60) for Serratia marcescens serogroup O15.. Carbohydr Res 177:285–288
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988e; Structural studies of an acidic galactomannan from the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O4.. Carbohydr Res 179:341–348
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1988f; Structural studies of an acidic galactorhamnan from the O2 reference strain (CDC 868–57) of Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 182:101–109
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989a; Structural studies of an acidic galactoglucomannan from the 015 reference strain (CDC 4523–60) of Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 186:295–300
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989b; Structural studies of an acidic galactoglucomannan from the O3 reference strain (CDC 863–57) of Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 187:295–301
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989c; Structural studies of a neutral polymer (the putative 010 antigen) isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens strain CDC 1287–54 (010, H8).. Carbohydr Res 187:303–311
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989d; Structures of neutral glycans isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of reference strains for Serratia marcescens serogroups 016 and 020.. Carbohydr Res 193:241–248
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989e; Structure of a neutral polymer isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O18.. Carbohydr Res 195:111–115
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1989f; Structure of the O-specific galactan from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O24.. Carbohydr Res 195:117–122
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1990a; Structure of the putative 023 antigen of Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 196:127–131
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1990b; A common structure for neutral polymers isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of ref-erence strains for Serratia marcescens serogroups 017 and 019.. Carbohydr Res 198:168–172
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1990c; Structure of a neutral glycan isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O22.. Carbohydr Res 203:247–251
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1990d; Structural studies of acidic polymers produced by the 023 reference strain of Serratia marcescens, presence of amide-linked glutamic acid.. Carbohydr Res 204:85–91
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1991a; Structure of a glucorhamnan from the lipopolysaccharide of Serratia marcescens strain S1254.. Carbohydr Res 209:319–322
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1991b; Structure of the 021 antigen from Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 212:187–192
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1991c; Structure of a mannan isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain (S3255) for a new serogroup of Serratia marcescens.. Carbohydr Res 212:213–217
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1991d; Structure of an acidic glycan present in the lipopolysaccharide extract from the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O18.. Carbohydr Res 215:293–301
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1992a; Structure of an acidic glycan from the reference strain for Serratia marcescens serogroup O22.. Carbohydr Res 231:237–248
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Oxley D., Wilkinson S.G. 1992b; Structure of a neutral glycan from the lipopolysaccharides of reference strains for Serratia marcescens serogroups 02 and 03.. FEMS Microbiol Lett 99:209–212
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Pitt T.L, Erdman Y.J., Bucher C. 1980; The epidemiological type identification of Serratia marcescens from outbreaks of infection in hospitals.. J Hyg 84:269–283
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Rubin S.J., Brock S., Chamberland M., Lyons R.W. 1976; Combined serotyping and biotyping of Serratia marcescens.. J Clin Microbiol 3:582–585
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Sedlãk J., Dlabac V., Motlikovã M. 1965; The taxonomy of the Serratia genus.. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 9:45–53
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Traub W.H. 1981; Serotyping of Serratia marcescens, confirmation of five recently described new O-antigens and characterisation of an additional O-antigen.. Zentralbl Bakteriol 250:307–311
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Traub W.H. 1985; Serotyping of Serratia marcescens, identification of a new O-antigen (024).. Zentralbl Bakteriol 259:485–488
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Traub W.H. 1991; Serotyping of Serratia marcescens, detection of two new O-antigens (025 and 026).. Zentralbl Bakteriol 275:495–499
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Westphal O., Jann K. 1965; Bacterial lipopolysaccharides, extraction with phenol-water and further applications of the procedure.. Methods Carbohydr Chem 5:83–91
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Wilkinson S.G. 1990; Surface polysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria, heterogeneity, multiplicity and degeneracy.. In Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Endotoxin Reactions pp. 95–102 Nowotny A., Spizer J.J., Ziegler E.J. Edited by Amsterdam:: Elsevier Science Publishers.;
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639
Loading
Re-evaluation of the serotypes of Serratia marcescens and separation into two schemes based on lipopolysaccharide (O) and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigens
Microbiology 144, 639 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-3-639
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error