Co-adhesion between oral microbial pairs (i.e. adhesion of a planktonic micro-organism to a sessile organism adhering to a substratum surface) has been described as a highly specific interaction, mediated by stereochemical groups on the interacting microbial cell surfaces, and also as a non-specific, critical colloid-chemical interaction. In a colloid-chemical approach, microbial co-adhesion is considered as an interplay between, amongst others, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of ionic strength on the co-adhesion of Streptococcus oralis 34 to either Actinomyces naeslundii T14V-J1 or its mutant strain 5951 adhering to glass in a parallel-plate flow chamber. To this end, the ionic strength of the suspension was varied by the addition of KCl. Another aim was to investigate whether substratum hydrophobicity affected the co-adhesion between the organisms by allowing the sessile organisms (in this case the actinomyces) to adhere either to hydrophilic or to hydrophobic, dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS)-coated glass. The kinetics of co-adhesion of S. oralis 34 to the actinomyces decreased with increasing ionic strength, expressed as the ratio, χ, between the local and non-local initial deposition rates of the streptococci in the vicinity of, or far away from, the adhering actinomyces, respectively. In a stationary end-point of co-adhesion, ionic strength appeared not to be a determinant factor for the co-adhesion of S. oralis 34 with A. naeslundii 5951, either when the actinomyces were adhering to hydrophilic glass or to hydrophobic, DDS-coated glass. However, for S. oralis 34 co-adhering in a stationary end-point with A. naeslundii T14V-J1 in the high-ionic-strength (250 mM KCl) suspension, co-adhesion was far less on hydrophobic, DDS-coated glass than on hydrophilic glass. It is possible that the hydrophobic fibrils on A. naeslundii T14V-J1 bearing the lectin responsible for co-adhesion were immobilized in the latter case by adsorption to the hydrophobic substratum, making them less available for interaction with the streptococci.
AbsolomD. R.,
LambertiF. V.,
PolicovaZ.,
ZinggW.,
Van OssC. J.,
NeumannA. W.1983; Surface thermodynamics of bacterial adhesion. Appl Environ Microbiol 46:90–97
BosR.,
Van der MeiH. C.,
MeindersJ. M.,
BusscherH. J.1994; A quantitative method to study co-adhesion of microorganisms in a parallel plate flow chamber: basic principles of the analysis. J Microbiol Methods 20:289–305
BosR.,
Van der MeiH. C.,
BusscherH. J.1995; A quantitative method to study co-adhesion of microorganisms in a parallel plate flow chamber: analysis of the kinetics of co-adhesion. J Microbiol Methods 23:169–182
BosR.,
Van der MeiH.C,
De VriesJ.,
BusscherH. J.1996; The role of physico-chemical and structural surface properties in co-adhesion of microbial pairs in a parallel plate flow chamber. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces in press
BusscherH. J.,
WeerkampA. H.,
Van der MeiH.C,
Van PeltA. W. J.,
De JongH. P.,
ArendsJ.1984; Measurement of the surface free energy of bacterial cell surfaces and its relevance for adhesion. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:980–983
BusscherH. J.,
CowanM. M.,
Van der MeiH. C.1992; On the relative importance of specific and non-specific approaches to oral microbial adhesion. FEMS Microbiol Rev 88:199–210
CisarJ. O.,
VatterA. E.,
ClarkW. B.,
CurlS. H.,
Hurst-CalderoneS.,
SandbergA. L.1988; Mutants of Actinomyces viscosus T14V lacking type 1, type 2, or both types of fimbriae. Infect Immun 56:2984–2989
ElimelechM.1990; Indirect evidence for hydratation forces in the deposition of polystyrene latex colloids on glass surfaces. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 86:1623–1624
EllenR. P.,
VeismanH.,
BuividsI. A.,
RosenbergM.1994; Kinetics of lactose-reversible coadhesion of Actinomyces naeslundii WVU 398A and Streptococcus oralis 34 on the surface of hexadecane droplets. Oral Microbiol Immunol 9:364–371
HandleyP. S.,
HeskethL. M.,
MoumenaR. A.1991; Charged and hydrophobic groups are localized in the short and long tuft fibrils on Streptococcus sanguis strains. Biofouling 4:105–111
HiemenzA. M.1977; Electrophoresis and other electrokinetic phenomena. In Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry pp. 452–487LagowskiJ. J.
Edited by New York & Basel:: Marcel Dekker.;
MclntireF. C.,
VatterA. E.,
BarosJ.,
ArnoldJ.1979; Mechanisms of coaggregation between Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Streptococcus sanguis 34. Infect Immun 21:978–988
PashleyR. M.,
IsraelachviliJ. N.1984; DLVO and hydratation forces between mica surfaces in Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ chloride solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 97:446–455
Pratt-TerpstraI. H.,
WeerkampA. H.,
BusscherH. J.1989; The effect of pellicle formation on streptococcal adhesion to human enamel and artificial substrata with various surface free energies. J Dent Res 68:463–467
RuardyT. G.,
SchakenraadJ. M.,
Van der MeiH. C.,
BusscherH. J.1995; Adhesion and spreading of human skin fibroblasts on physicochemically characterized gradient surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res 29:1415–1423
RutterP. R.,
VincentB.1980; The adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces: physico-chemical aspects. In Microbial Adhesion to Surfaces pp. 79–93BerkeleyR. C. W.,
LynchJ. M.,
MellingJ.,
RutterP. R.,
VincentB.
Edited by Chichester:: Ellis Horwood.;
SjollemaJ.,
BusscherH. J.1990; Deposition of polystyrene particles in a parallel plate flow cell. 2. Pair distribution functions between deposited particles. Colloids Surf47337–354
Van OssC. J.,
GoodR. J.,
ChaudhuryM. K.1986; The role of van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds in “hydrophobic interactions” between biopolymers and low energy surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 111:378–390