Two classes of ethidium-bromide-resistant mutants of Streptomyces lividans 66

References

1. Brenner S., Barnet L., Crick F.H.C., Orgel A. The theory of mutagenesis. J Mol Biol 1961; 3:121–124
   [Google Scholar]
2. Caballero J.L., Malpartida F., Hopwood D.A. Transcriptional organization and regulation of an antibiotic export complex in the producing Streptomjces culture. Mol Gen Genet 1991; 228:372–380
   [Google Scholar]
3. Chou C.F. Study on a recombination gene in Streptomjces 1987 PhD thesis, Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;
   [Google Scholar]
4. Crameri R., Davies J.E., Hütter R. Plasmid curing and generation of mutations induced with ethidium bromide in streptomycetes. J Gen Microbiol 1986; 132:819–824
   [Google Scholar]
5. Crick F.H.C., Barnet L., Brenner S., Watts-Tobin R.J. General nature of the genetic code for proteins. Nature 1961; 192:1227–1232
   [Google Scholar]
6. Dyson P., Schrempf H. Genetic instability and DNA amplifications in Streptomjces lividans 66. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:4796–4803
   [Google Scholar]
7. Ferguson L.R., Baguley B.C. Multidrug resistance and mutagenesis. Mutat Res 1993; 285:79–90
   [Google Scholar]
8. Gregory K.F., Huang J.C.C. Tyrosinase inheritance in Streptomjces scabies. II. Induction of tyrosinase deficiency by acridine dyes. J Bacteriol 1964; 87:1287–1294
   [Google Scholar]
9. Guilfoile P.G., Hutchinson C.R. A bacterial analog of the mdr gene of mammalian tumor cells is present in Streptomjces peucetius, the producer of daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 1991; 88:8553–8557
   [Google Scholar]
10. Guilfoile P.G., Hutchinson C.R. Sequence and transcriptional analysis of the Streptomjces glaucescens tcmSR tetracenomycin C resistance and repressor gene loci. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:3651–3658
    [Google Scholar]
11. Hardin C.C., Walker G.T., Tinoco I. Jr Binding of ethidium ion to left-handed Z-RNA induces a cooperative transition to right-handed RNA at the intercalating site. Biochemistry 1988; 27:4178–4184
    [Google Scholar]
12. Hintermann G., Crameri R., Vögtli M., Hütter R. Streptomycin sensitivity by Streptomjces glauscens is due to deletions comprising the structural gene encoding for a specific phosphotransferase. Mol Gen Genet 1984; 196:513–520
    [Google Scholar]
13. Hopwood D.A., Kieser T., Wright H.M., Bibb M.J. Plasmids, recombination, and chromosomal mapping in Streptomyces lividans 66. J Gen Microbiol 1983; 129:2257–2269
    [Google Scholar]
14. Hopwood D.A., Bibb M.J., Chater K.F., Kieser T., Bruton C.J., Kieser H.M., Lydiate D.J., Smith C.P., Ward J.M., Schrempf H. Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces: a Laboratory Manual 1985 Norwich, UK: John Innes Foundation;
    [Google Scholar]
15. Huang Y.-J. Isolation of ethidium bromide resistant mutants of Streptomyces lividans, and mapping and cloning of the resistance genes 1989 MS thesis, Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;
    [Google Scholar]
16. Jones I.G., Midgley M. Expression of a plasmid borne ethidium resistance determinant from Staphylococcus in Escherichia colr. evidence for an efflux. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1985; 28:355–358
    [Google Scholar]
17. Leblond P., Redenbach M., Cullum J. Physical map of the Streptomyces lividans 66 and comparison with that of the related strain Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J Bacteriol 1993; 175:3422–3429
    [Google Scholar]
18. Lewis K. Multidrug resistance pumps in bacteria: variations on a theme. Trends Biochem Sci 1994; 19:119–123
    [Google Scholar]
19. Lin Y.-S., Kieser H.M., Hopwood D.A., Chen C.W. The chromosomal DNA of Streptomyces lividans 66 is linear. Mol Microbiol 1993; 10:923–933
    [Google Scholar]
20. Littlejohn T.G., Di Berardino D., Messerotti L.J., Spiers S.J., Skurray R.A. Structure and evolution of a family of genes encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Gene 1991; 101:59–66
    [Google Scholar]
21. Ma D., Cook D.N., Hearst J.E., Nikaido H. Efflux pumps and drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Trends Microbiol 1994; 2:489–493
    [Google Scholar]
22. Midgley M. The phosphonium ion efflux system of Escherichia coli: relationship to the ethidium efflux system and energetic studies. J Gen Microbiol 1986; 132:3187–3193
    [Google Scholar]
23. Midgley M. An efflux system for cationic dyes and related compounds in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Sci 1987; 4:125–127
    [Google Scholar]
24. Neal R.J., Chater K.F. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals similarities between proteins determining methylenomycin A resistance in Streptomyces and tetracycline resistance in eubacteria. Gene 1987; 58:229–241
    [Google Scholar]
25. Neyfakh A.A., Bidnenko V.E., Chen L.B. Efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Bacillus subtilis: similarities and dissimilarities with the mammalian system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:4781–4785
    [Google Scholar]
26. Nikaido H. Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: permeability barriers and active efflux. Science 1994; 264:382–388
    [Google Scholar]
27. Ohnuki T., Kaith T., Imanaka T., Aiba S. Molecular cloning of tetracycline resistance genes from Streptomyces rimosus in Streptomyces griseus and characterization of the cloned genes. J Bacteriol 1985; 161:1010–1016
    [Google Scholar]
28. Redenbach M., Flett F., Piendl W., Glocker I., Rauland U., Wafzig O., Leblond P., Cullum J. The Streptomyces lividans 66 chromosome contains a 1 Mb deletogenic region flanked by two amplifiable regions. Mol Gen Genet 1993; 241:255–262
    [Google Scholar]
29. Rosteck P.R., Reynolds P.A., Hershberger C.L. Homology between proteins controlling Streptomycesfradiae tylosin resistance and ATP-binding transport. Gene 1991; 102:27–32
    [Google Scholar]
30. Rouch D.A., Cram D.S., Di Berardino D., Littlejohn T.G., Skurray R.A. Efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from Staphylococcus aureus: common ancestry with tetracycline-and sugar-transport proteins. Mol Microbiol 1990; 4:2051–2062
    [Google Scholar]
31. Sasatsu M., Shima K., Shibata Y., Kono M. Nucleotide sequence of a gene that encodes resistance to ethidium bromide from a transferable plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:10103
    [Google Scholar]
32. Schrempf H. Deletion and amplification of DNA sequences in melanin-negative variants of Streptomyces reticuli. Mol Gen Genet 1983; 189:501–505
    [Google Scholar]
33. Seto H., Tomasz A. Inhibitors of genetic recombination in pneumococci. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977; 74:296–299
    [Google Scholar]
34. Tanner N.K., Cech T.R. Self-catalyzed cyclization of the intervening sequence RNA of Tetrahymena: inhibition by intercalating dyes. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 14:6649–6659
    [Google Scholar]
35. Tennent J.M., Lyon B.R., Gillespie M.T., May J.W., Skurray R.A. Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus aureus plasmidmediated quaternary ammonium resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985; 27:79–83
    [Google Scholar]
36. Tennent J.M., Lyon B.R., Midgley M., Jones I.G., Purewal A.S., Skurray R.A. Physical and biochemical characterization of the qacA gene encoding antiseptic and disinfectant resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Gen Microbiol 1989; 135:1–10
    [Google Scholar]
37. Thresher R.J., Griffith J.D. Intercalators promote the binding of RecA to double-stranded DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87:5056–5060
    [Google Scholar]
38. Walker G., T., Stone M.P., Krugh T.R. Ethidium binding to left-handed (Z) DNA’s results in regions of righthanded DNA at the intercalating site. Biochemistry 1985; 24:7462–7471
    [Google Scholar]
39. Yoshida H., Bogaki M., Nakamura S., Ubukata K., Konno M. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus nor A gene, which confers resistance to quinolones. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:6942–6949
    [Google Scholar]