AnandC. M., SkinnerA. R., MalicA., KurtzJ. B.1983; Interaction of Legionella pneumophilafree living amoebae (Acanthamoeba palestinensis). J Hyg (Camb) 91:167–178
BangsborgJ. M., CianciottoN. P., HinderssonP.1991; Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Legionella micdadei mip gene, encoding a 30-kilodalton analog of the Legionella pneumophila Mip protein. Infect Immun 59:3836–3840
BarkerJ., BrownM. R. W., CollierP. J., FarrellI. D. F., GilbertP.1992; Relationship between Legionella pneumophilaAcanthamoeba polyphaga: physiological statussusceptibility to chemical inactivation. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2420–2425
BarkerJ., LambertP. A., BrownM. R. W.1993; The influence of intra-amoebicother growth conditions on the surface properties of Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 61:3503–3510
BiddickC. J., RogersL. H., BrownT. J.1984; Viability of pathogenicnonpathogenic free-living amoebae in long-term storage at a range of temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 48:859–860
BrownM.R. W., WilliamsP.1985; The influence of environment on envelope properties affecting survival of bacteria in infections. Annu Rev Microbiol 39:527–556
CharacklisW.G., MarshallK. C.1990; Biofilms: a basis for an interdisciplinary approach. In Biofilms pp. 3–15 Edited by CharacklisW. G., MarshallK. G. . New York: John WileySons;
CharacklisW. G., McFetersG. A., MarshallK. C.1990; Physiological ecology in biofilm systems. In Biofilms pp. 361 Edited by CharacklisW. G., MarshallK. G. . New York: John WileySons;
De JonckheereJ. F., Van de VoordeH.1976; Differences in destruction of cysts of pathogenicnonpathogenic NaegleriaAcanthamoeba by chlorine. Appl Environ Microbiol 31:294–297
DetilleuxP. G., DeyoeB. L., ChevilleN. F.1990; Entryintracellular localization of Brucella spp. in Vero cells: fluorescenceelectron microscopy. Vet Pathol 27:317–328
Dumais-PopeC, O'ConnellW., CianciottoN. P.1993; Distributionregulation of the Legionella mip gene. In Legionella-. Current StatusEmerging Perspectives,. pp. 70–72 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
FieldsB.S.1993; Legionellaprotozoa: interaction of a pathogenits natural host. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives,. pp. 70–72 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
FieldsB. S., ShottsE. B., FeeleyJ. C., GormanG. W., MartinW. T.1984; Proliferation of Legionella pneumophila as an intracellular parasite of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. Appl Environ Microbiol 47:467–471
FieldsB. S., SandenG. N., BarbareeJ. M., MorrillW. E., WadowskyR. M., WhiteE. H., FeeleyJ. C.1989; Intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in amoebae isolated from hospital hot water tanks. Curr Microbiol 18:131–137
FieldsB. S., BarbareeJ. M., SandenG.N., MorrillW. E.1990; Virulence of a Legionella anisa strain associated with Pontiac fever: an evaluation using protozoan, cell culture,guinea pig models. Infect Immun 58:3139–3142
FrankJ. F., GillettR. A. N., WareG. O.1990; Association of 'Listeria spp. contamination in the dairy processing plant environment with the presence of staphylococci. J Food Prot 53:928–932
FritscheT. R., GautomR. K., SeyedirashtiS., BergeronD. L., LindquistT. D.1993; Occurrence of bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from cornealenvironmental specimenscontact lenses. J Clin Microbiol 31:1122–1126
FryN. K., RowbothamT. J., SaundersN. A., EmbleyT. M.1991; Direct amplificationsequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA of an intracellular Legionella species recovered by amoebal enrichment from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 83:165–168
GoshkoM. S., PipesW. D., ChristianR. R.1983; Coliform occurrencechlorine residual in small water distribution systems. J Am Water Works Assoc 75:309–312
HorwitzM.A.1993; Toward an understanding of hostbacterial molecules mediating Legionella pneumophila pathogenesis. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives pp. 55–62 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
JadinJ.B.1987; History. In Infectious Diseases Colour Atlas Monographs I. Amphizoic Amoebae: Human Pathology pp. 1–32 Edited by RondanelliE. G. Italy: Piccin Nuova Libraria;
KingC.H., ShottsE. B.1988; Enhancement of Edwardsiella tardaAeromonas salmonicida through ingestion by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 51:95–100
KingC. H., ShottsE. B., WooleyR. E., PorterK. G.1988; Survival of coliformsbacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:3023–3033
MarraoG., VerissimoA., BowkerR. G., da CostaM. S.1993; Biofilms as major sources of Legionella spp. in hydrothermal areastheir dispersion into streams. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 12:25–33
MauchlineW. S., AraujoR., FitzgeorgeR. B., DennisP. J., KeevilC. W.1993; Environmental regulation of the virulencephysiology of Legionella pneumophila. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives pp. 262–264 Edited by BarbareeJ.M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
PalmeL., FalkowS.1986; Characterization of cloned genes from Chlamydia trachomatis. In Microbiology -1986 pp. 91–95 Edited by LieveL., BonventreP. F. , MorelloJ. A. , SilverS. D. , WuH. C. . Washington, DC: SprAmerican Society for Microbiologyinger;
PalmerC. J., TsaiY., Paszko-KolvaC., MayerC., SangermanoL. R.1993; Detection of Legionella species in sewageocean water by polymerase chain reaction, direct fluorescent-antibody,plate culture methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:3618–3624
PanikovN. S., MerkurovA. S., TartakovkiiI. S.1993; Kinetic studies of Legionella interactions with protozoa. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives pp. 153–156 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
Paszko-KolvaC, YamamotoH., ShahmatM., SawyerT. K., MorrisG., ColwellR. R.1991; Isolation of amoebaePseudomonasLegionella spp. from eyewash stations. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:163–167
PorterK.G.1984; Natural bacteria as food resources for zooplankton. In Current Perspectives in Microbial Ecology pp. 340–345 Edited by KlugM. A., ReddyC. A. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
RenT., FrankJ. F.1993; Susceptibility of starved planktonicbiofilm Listeria monocytogenes to quaternary ammonium sanitizer as determined by direct viableagar plate counts. J Food Prot 56:573–576
RichardsonI.R.1990; Legionella under attack! The incidence of Bdellovibrio spp. in man-made water systems: coexistence with legionellas. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Scientific Conference Winchester: Public Health Laboratory Service;
RowbothamT.J.1992; Littlelarge particle theory for legionellosis acquired from polymicrobial sources. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Legionella. Florida: American Society for Microbiology;
RowbothamT.J.1993; Legionella-like amoebal pathogens. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives pp. 137–140 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F., DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
SinghB.N.1946; A method of estimating the numbers of soil protozoa, especially amoebae, based on their differential feeding on bacteria. Ann Appl Biol 33:112–119
SteeleT.W.1993; Interactions between soil amoebaesoil legionellae. In Legionella: Current StatusEmerging Perspectives pp. 140–142 Edited by BarbareeJ. M., BreimanR. F. , DufourA. P. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
TomovA., KassovskyV., ChorbadjiskaL., TsvetkovaE., TasnevN., VenchevaZ.1982; Lytic activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous against bacteria of the family Legionellaceae. Zentralbl Backteriol Mikrobiol Hyg (A) 252:96–100
WadowskyR. M., ButlerL. J., CookM. K., VermaS. M., PaulM. A., FieldsB. S., KeteliG., SykoraI. L., YeeR. B.1988; Growth supporting activity for Legionella pneumophila in tap water culturesimplications of hartmennellid amoebae as growth factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2677–2682
WeekersP.H. H., BodelierP. L. E., WijenJ. P. H., VogelsG. D.1993; Effects of grazing by the free-living soil amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphagaHartmannella vermiformis on various bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:2317–2319