Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Legionella feeleiiserogroup 1, L. hackeliaeserogroup 1 and L. jordaniswere subjected to chemical analysis. All three LPS contained D-mannose, D-glucose, D-glucosamine, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid and glycerol. In addition the LPS of L. feeleiiwas characterized by L-quinovose (tentatively identified) and L-fucosamine, L. hackeliaeLPS by D-quinovosamine, D-galactosamine and D-galacturonic acid, and L. jordanisLPS by D-quinovosamine. Phosphorylated sugars were detected in all three LPS. The backbone sugar of the lipid A part was in each case 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose substituted with a complex pattern of fatty acid, including 20-22 different amide-linked (non-branched and methyl-branched) 3-hydroxy fatty acids of chain-length ranging from 12 to 23 carbon atoms. The fatty acid patterns included also ester-linked nonhydroxylated entities and the uncommon 27-oxo-octacosanoic acid and 29-oxotriacontanoic acid. The LPS of L. hackeliaeand L. jordanisalso contained heptacosane-1,27-dioic and nonacosane-1,29-dioic acid, and their 2-hydroxy analogues were characteristic of L. jordanisLPS. SDS-PAGE patterns of the three LPS were distinctly different. Both L. feeleiiand L. jordanisproduced smooth-form LPS with characteristic ladder patterns, whereas L. hackeliaeLPS were of more rough-type character.
BhatU.R.,
CarlsonR.W.,
BuschM.,
MayerH. Distribution and phylogenetic significance of 27- hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from bacteria belonging to the alpha-2 subgroup of Proteobacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol1991; 41:213–217
BrynK.,
JantzenE. Quantification of 2-keto-3- deoxyoctonate in (lipo)polysaccharides by methanolytic release, trifluoroacetylation and capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr1986; 370:103–112
FangG.-D.,
YuV.L.,
VickersR.M. Disease due to the Legionellaceae (other than Eegionella pneumophila). Historical microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological review. Medicine1989; 68:116–132
FoxA.,
RogersJ.C.,
FoxK.F.,
SchnitzerG.,
MorganS.L.,
BrownA.,
AonoR. Chemotaxonomic differentiation of legionellae by detection and characterization of aminodideoxy- hexoses and other unique sugars using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol1990; 28:546–552
FryN.K.,
WarwickS.,
SaundersN.A.,
EmbleyT.M. The use of 16S ribosomal RNA analyses to investigate the phylogeny of the family Eegionellaceae. J Gen Microbiol1991; 137:1215–1222
GalanosV.,
LuderitzO.,
WestphalO. Preparation and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella abortus equi (Novo-Pyrexal). Zentralbl Bakteriol1979; 243:226–244
GerwigG.J.,
KamerlingJ.P.,
VliegenthartJ.F.G. Determination of the d and l configuration of neutral mono¬saccharides by high-resolution capillary G.C. Carbohydr Res1978; 62:349–357
HoffmanJ.,
LindbergB.,
BrubakerR.R. Structural studies of the O-specific side-chains of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia enterocolitica Ye 128. Carbohydr Res1980; 78:212–214
HollingsworthR.I.,
Lill-ElghanianD.A. Isolation and characterization of the unusual lipopolysaccharide component, 2-amino-2-deoxy-2-N-(27-hydroxyoctacosanoyl)-3-O-(3- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-gluo-hexuronic acid, and its de-O-acylation product from the free lipid A of Rhizobium trifolii ANU843. J Biol Chem1989; 264:14039–14042
KalmykovaE.N.,
GorshkovaR.P.,
IsakovV.V.,
OvodovY.S. Structural studies of side-chains of the O-specific polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:6.31. Bioorg Khim1988; 14:652–657
KawaharaK.,
BradeH.,
RietschelE.T.,
ZahringerU. Studies on the chemical structure of the core-lipid A region of the lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 10305. Detection of a new 2-octulosonic acid interlinking the core oligosaccharide and lipid A component. Eur JBiochem1987; 163:489–495
LindbergB. Components of bacterial polysaccharides. In Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry.1990 Edited by
TipsonR.S.,
HortonD.
San Diego: Academic Press; 48 pp 279–318
L'vovV.L.,
Gur'yanovaS.V.,
RodionovA.V.,
GorshkovaR.P. Structure of the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia kristensenii strain 490 (O:12, 25). Carbohydr Res1992; 228:415–422
MayberryW.R. Nonhydroxy, monohydroxy and dihydroxy cellular fatty acid profiles of Eegionella species: an update. Abstract.. International symposium on Eegionella1992 26-29 January 1992, Orlando, FL, USA
MayerH.,
KraussJ.H.,
YokotaA.,
WeckesserJ. Natural variants of lipid A. In Endotoxin1990 Edited by
FriedmanH.,
KleinT.W.,
NakanoM.,
NowotnyA.
New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation; pp 45–70
ReisnerA.H.,
NemesP.,
BucholtzC. The use of Coomassie brilliant blue G250 perchloric acid solution for staining in electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem1975; 64:509–516
RoppelJ.,
MayerH.,
WeckesserJ. Identification of a 2,3- diamino-2,3-dideoxyhexose in the lipid A component of lipopoly-saccharides of Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Carbohydr Res1975; 40:31–40
SonessonA.,
JantzenE. The branched-chain octose yersiniose A is a lipopolysaccharide constituent of Eegionella micdadei and Eegionella maceachernii. J Microbiol Methods1992; 15:241–248
SonessonA.,
LarssonL.,
FoxA.,
WesterdahlG.,
OdhamG. Determination of environmental levels of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide using gas chromatography with negative- ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry utilizing bacterial amino acids and hydroxy fatty acids as biomarkers. J Chromatogr1988; 431:1–15
SonessonA.,
BrynK.,
JantzenE.,
LarssonL. Gas chromatographic determination of (phosphorylated) 2-keto-3- deoxyoctonic acid, heptoses and glucosamine in bacterial lipopoly-saccharides after treatment with hydrofluoric acid, methanolysis and trifluoroacetylation. J Chromatogr1989a; 487:1–7
SonessonA.,
JantzenE.,
BrynK.,
LarssonL.,
EngJ. Chemical composition of a lipopolysaccharide from Eegionella pneumophila. Arch Microbiol1989b; 153:72–78
SonessonA.,
MollH.,
JantzenE.,
ZahringerU. Long-chain α-hydroxy-(ω-1)-oxo fatty acids and α-hydroxy-l, ω-dioic fatty cells are cell wall constituents of Legionella (L. jordanis L. maceachernii and L. micdadei). FEMS Microbiol Lett1993; 106:315–320
StromingerJ.L.,
ParkJ.T.,
ThompsonR.E. Com-position of the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus-, its relation to the mechanism of action of penicillin. J Biol Chem1959; 234:3263–3268
VoilandA.,
MichelG. Characterization of 6-deoxy-D- altritol in the cell-wall polysaccharide of Nocardia asteroides R 399. Carbohydr Res1985; 141:283–288
WaravdekarV.S.,
SaslawL.D. A sensitive colorimetric method for the estimation of 2-deoxy sugars with the use of the malonaldehyde-thiobarbituric acid reaction. J Biol Chem1959; 234:1945–1950
WilkinsonI.J.,
SangsterN.,
RatcliffR.M.,
MuggP.A.,
DavosD.E.,
LanserJ.A. Problems associated with identification of Legionella species from the environment and isolation of six possible new species. Appl Environ Microbiol1990; 56:796–802
ZamzeS.E.,
FergusonM.A.J.,
MoxonE.R.,
DwekR.A.,
RademacherT.W. Identification of phosphorylated 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonic acid as a component of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. Biochem J1987; 245:583–587