SUMMARY: Adsorption of cells of a variety of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars to the leaf surface of host and non-host plants was measured. The strains used were sensitive to the pilus-specific bacteriophage ø6. Phage-resistant non-piliated mutants were isolated and found to have reduced ability to adsorb to plant surfaces. The pilus-mediated adsorption was not host-specific. Piliated strains adsorbed well to both host and non-host plants. Scanning electron microscopy of the P. syringae pathovar syringae strain R32 and the pathovar phaseolicola strain HB10Y revealed a difference between these strains in the distribution of the bacterial cells over the lower bean leaf surface. P. syringae pv. syringae spread evenly over the leaf surface whereas P. syringae pv. phaseolicola adsorbed preferentially to the stomata. No such localization was observed on chloroform-treated leaves, where the cells of both pathovars were evenly distributed. Adsorption of bacteria to leaf disks was independent of divalent cations, and no specific ionic conditions were required.
EhrenshaftM.,
MillsD.1985; Construction of a cosmid clone library of Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola and isolation of genes by functional complementation.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50:169–171
ErcolaniG.L.,
HagedornD.J.,
KelmanA.,
RandR.E.1974; Epiphytic survival of Pseudomonas sryringae on hairy vetch in relation to epidemiology of bacterial brown spot of bean in Wisconsin.. Phytopathology 64:1330–1339
FettW.F.1985; Relationship of bacterial cell surface hydro-phobicity and charge to pathogenicity, physiological race, and immobilisation in attached soybean leaves.. Phytopathology 75:1414–1418
HiranoS.S.,
BakerS.L.,
UpperC.D.1991; Population biology of Pseudomonas syringae in the phyllosphere.. In Book of Abstracts: Pseudomonas. Third International Symposium on Pseudomonads, Biology, and Biotechnology. Miramare-Grignano, Trieste, Italy:June16–201991
JasalavichC.A.1987Attachment of the epiphytic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pathovar lachrymans and pathovar glycinea to host and non-host leaf surfaces. PhD thesis University of Wisconsin-Madison.:
KingE.O.,
WardM.K.,
RaneyD.E.1954; Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein.. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 44:301–307
LindemannJ.,
ConstantinidouH.A.,
BarchettW.R.,
UpperC.D.1982; Plants as the source of airborne bacteria, includingice nucleation-active bacteria.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 44:1059–1063
LindowS.E.1986; Strategies and practice of biological control of ice nucleation active bacteria on plants.. In Microbiology of the Phyllosphere pp. 293–311FokkemaN.J.,
van den HeuvelJ.
Edited by Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.;
Nurmiaho-LassilaE.L.,
RantalaE.,
RomantschukM.1991; Pilus-mediated adsorption of Pseudomonas syringae to the surface of bean leaves.. Micron Microscopia Acta 22:71–72
O̓brienR.D.,
LindowS.E.1989; Effect of plant species and environmental conditionson epiphytic population sizes of Pseudomonas syringae and other bacteria.. Phytopathology 79:619–627
OlkkonenV.M.,
BamfordD.H.1987; The nucleocapsid of the lipid-containing double-stranded RNA bacteriophage ɸ6 contains a protein skeleton consisting of a single polypeptide species.. Journal of virology 61:2362–2367
RomantschukM.,
BamfordD.H.1986; The causal agent of halo blight in bean,Pseudomonas syringae pv.phaseolicola, attaches to stomata via its pili.. Microbial Pathogenesis 1:139–148
SelvarajG.,
IyerV.N.1983; Suicide plasmid vehicles for insertion mutagenesis in Rhizobium meliloti and related bacteria.. Journal of Bacteriology 156:1292–1300
SmitG.,
StaceyG.1990; Adhesion of bacteria to plant cells: role of specific interaction versus hydrophobicity.. In Microbial Cell Surface Interaction pp. 179–210DoyleR.J.,
RosenbergM.
, Edited by. Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology.;
SmitG.,
LogmanT.J.J.,
BoerrigterM.T.E.I.,
KijneJ.W.,
LugtenbergB.J.J.1989; Purification and partial characterisation of the Ca2+ dependent adhesin from Rhizobium legominosarum biovar viciae, which mediates the first step in attachment of Rhizobiaceae to plant root hair tips.. Journal of Bacteriology 171:4054–4062
UpperC.D.1991; Manipulation of the microbial communities in the phyllosphere.. In Microhial Ecology of the Leaves pp. 451–463AndrewsH.,
HiranoS.S.
Edited by NewYork: Springer Verlag;
YoungD.H.,
SequeiraL.1986; Binding of Pseudomonas solanacearum fimbriae to tobacco leaf cell walls and its inhibition by bacterialextracellular polysaccharides.. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28:393–402