1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: The cell wall of consists of 11% protein, 63% neutral carbohydrate, 9% glucosamine and 13% glucuronic acid. The sugars include glucose (32%), mannose (6%) and traces of xylose and galactose. The cell wall was fractionated with alkali to yield a mixture of alkali-soluble matrix components, and an alkali-insoluble glucan associated with chitin. The alkali-insoluble glucan contained a mixture of (1-3) and (1-6) glycosidic linkages. It was only partly susceptible to digestion by the β(1-3) glucanase, Zymolyase. The alkali-soluble fraction contained glucan, mannan and acidic polymers. The glucan was (1-3)-linked with no (1-6) linkages and only trace amounts of (1-3-6)-linked glucose. It was resistant to digestion by Zymolyase. Extensive hydrolysis of this fraction with trifluoroacetic acid released a high-molecular-mass glucuronan which had H- and C-NMR profiles matching those of the β(1-4) glucuronan, mucoric acid. Xylomannan was purified from isolated cell walls and from whole cells. It contained glucose, mannose, xylose, and D-glucuronic acid. It was very similar in composition and structure to the capsular polysaccharides of , and to an extracellular polysaccharide produced by another yeast described as Electron microscopy showed that the cell wall of has a lamellar structure characteristic of a basidiomycetous yeast rather than the electron-dense ‘fuzzy coat’ seen in

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2123
1993-09-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/139/9/mic-139-9-2123.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2123&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Vonarx J.A., Weijman A.C.M. 1979; Conidiation and carbohydrate composition in some Candida and Torulopsis species.. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45:547–555
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Ballou C.E. 1982; Yeast cell wall and cell surface.. In Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces. Metabolism and Gene Expression, pp. 335–359 Strathern J.N., Jones E.W., Broach J.R. Edited by Cold Spring Harbour, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.;
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnett J.A. 1981; The utilization of disaccharides and some other sugars by yeasts.. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 39:347–404
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bartnicki-Garcia S., Reyes E. 1968; Polyuronides in the cell walls of Mucor rouxii. . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 170:54–62
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Benitez T., Villa T.G., Acha I.G. 1975; Chemical and structural differences in mycelial and regeneration walls of Tricho-derma viride. . Archives of Microbiology 105:277–282
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bitter T., Muir H.M. 1962; A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction.. Analytical Biochemistry 4:330–334
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BjÖrndahl H., Lindberg B. 1970; Polysaccharides elaborated by Polyporus fomentarus (FR.) and Polyporus igniarius (Fr.): part IT, water soluble, acidic polysaccharides from the fruit bodies.. Carbohydrate Research 12:29–35
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Blakenby A.B., Harris P.J., Henrey R.J., Stone B.A. 1983; A simple and rapid preparation of alditol acetates for monosaccharide analysis.. Carbohydrate Research 113:291–299
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Boulton C.A., Ratledge C. 1981; Correlation of lipid accumulation in yeasts with possession of ATP: citrate lyase.. Journal of General Microbiology 127:169–176
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Cherniak R., Reiss E., Slodki M.E., Plattner R.D., Blumer S.O. 1980; Structure and antigenic activity of the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A.. Molecular Immunology 17:1025–1032
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cherniak R., Morris L, Anderson B, Meyer S.A. 1991; Facilitated isolation, purification and analysis of glucuronoxylo- mannan of Cryptococcus neoformans. . Infection and Immunity 59:59–64
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Datema R., Vandenende H., Wessels J.G.H. 1977; The hyphal wall of Mucor mucedo. . European Journal of Biochemistry 80:611–619
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Depree J.A. 1992 The cell wall of Trichosporon cutaneum. PhD thesis University of Otago, New Zealand.:
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Dubois M., Gilles K.A., Hamilton J.K., Rebers P.A., Smith F. 1956; Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.. Analytical Chemistry 28:350–356
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Eggstein, Kreutz. 1967; Estimation of protein.. In Techniques in Protein Chemistry, pp. 340–341 Bailey J.L. Edited by Amsterdam, London, New York: Elsevier.;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Fleet G.H. 1985; Composition and structure of yeast cell walls.. In Current Topics in Medical Mycology pp. 24–56 McGinnis M. Edited by New York: Springer-Verlag.;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghosh S., Roseman S. 1962; L-Glutamine-D-fructose 6-phosphate transamidase from Escherichia coli. . Methods in Enzvmology 5:414–417
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gopal P.K., Shepherd M.G., Sullivan P.A. 1984; Analysis of wall glucans from yeast, hyphal and germ-tube forming cells of Candida albicans. . Journal of General Microbiology 130:3295–3301
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gorin P.A.J., Spencer J.F.T. 1967; A novel pentosyl mannan arising from the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. . Canadian Journal of Chemistry 45:1543–1549
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gorin P.A.J., Spencer J.F.T. 1968; Galactomannans of Trichosporon fermentans and other yeasts; proton magnetic resonance and chemical studies.. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 46:2299–2304
    [Google Scholar]
  21. GuÉho E., De hoog G.S., Smith M.T., Meyer S.A. 1987; DNA relatedness, taxonomy, and medical significance of Geotri-chium capitatum. . Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25:1191–1194
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Jansson P.E., Kenne L., Leidgren H., Lindberg B., Lonngren J. 1976 A Practical Guide to the Methylation Analysis of Carbohydrates (8). Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Stockholm.:
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Jeuniaux C. 1966; Chitinases.. Methods in Enzymology 8:644–650
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kitamura K., Yamamoto Y. 1972; Purification and properties of an enzyme, Zymolyase, which lyses viable yeast cells.. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 153:403–406
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kocourek J., Ballou C.E. 1969; Method for fingerprinting yeast cell wall mannans.. Journal of Bacteriology 100:1175–1181
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Kreger-Van Rij N.J.W. 1984 The Yeasts a Taxonomic Study Amsterdam: Elsevier.;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kreger-Van Rij N.J.W., Veenhuis M. 1971; A comparative study of the cell wall structure of basidiomycetous and related yeasts.. Journal of General Microbiology 68:87–95
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lever M. 1973; Colorimetric and fluorimetric determination with p- hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.. Biochemical Medicine 7:274–281
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lloyd J.B., Whelan W.J. 1969; An improved method for enzymic determination of glucose in the presence of maltose.. Analytical Biochemistry 30:467–470
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Manners D.J., Meyer M.T. 1977; The molecular structures of some glucans from the cell walls of Schizosaccharamyces pombe. . Carbohydrate Research 57:189–203
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Matthews R.C., Burnie J.P., Fox A., Woods M., Tabaqchali S. 1986; Immunoblot analysis of the serological response in invasive Trichosporon beigelii and Blastoschizomyces capitatus infections.. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 23:395–397
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Mcmanus E.J., Bozdech M.J., Jones J.M. 1985; Role of the latex agglutination test for cryptococcalantigen in diagnosing diseminated infections with Trichosporon beigelii. . Journal of Infectious Diseases 151:1167–1169
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Miller R.S., Hoskins L.C. 1981; Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Fecal population densities of mucin-degrading bacterial estimated by a ̒most probable number̓ method.. Gastroenterology 81:759–765
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Moon N.J., Hammond E, Glatz B.A. 1978; Conversion of cheese whey and whey permeate to oil and single cell protein.. Journal of Dairy Science 61:1537–1547
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Nakajima T., Ballou C.E. 1974; Characterization of the carbohydrate fragments obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan by alkalinedegradation.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249:7679–7684
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Okubo Y., Shibata N., Ichikawa T., Chaki S., Suzuki S. 1981; Immunological study on baker̓s yeast mannan prepared by fractional precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 212:204–215
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Peat S., Whelan W.J., Edwards T.E. 1961; Polysaccharides of baker̓s yeast: part IV, mannan.. Journal of the Chemical Society Part 1:29–34
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Peberdy J.F. 1979; Fungal protoplasts: isolation, reversion and fusion.. Annual Reviews of Microbiology 33:21–39
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rauvala H. 1979; Use of triphenylmethane as an indicator of complete methylation of glycolipids and glycopeptides.. Carbohydrate Research 72:257–260
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Redgewell R.J., Melton L.D., Brasch D.J. 1988; Cell wall polysaccharides of kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa): chemical features in different zones of the fruit at harvest.. Carbohydrate Research 182:241–258
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Sanford P.A., Conrad H.E. 1966; The structure of Aerobacter aerogenes A3 (SI) polysaccharide. I. A reexamination using improved procedures for methylation analysis.. Biochemistry 5:1508–1517
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Sawardeker J.S., Sloneker J.H., Jeanbs A. 1965; Quantitative determination of monosaccharides as their alditol acetates by gasliquid chromatography.. Analytical Chemistry 37:1602–1604
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Saxena A., Hammer C.F., Cinlar R.L. 1989; Analysis of mannans of two relatively avirulent mutant strains of Candida albicans. . Infection and Immunity 57:413–419
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sietsma J.H., Wessels J.G.H. 1977; Chemical analysis of the hyphal wait of Schizophyllum commune. . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 496:225–239
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Sietsma J.H., Sonnenberg A.M.S., Wessels J.G.H. 1985; Localisation by autoradiography of synthesis of (1–3)β and (1–6)β linkages in a wall glucan during hyphal growth of Schizophyllum commune. . Journal of General Microbiology 131:1331–1337
    [Google Scholar]
  46. SpÅnning Å., Neujahr H. 1990; The effect of glucose on enzyme activities and phenol utilization in Trichosporon cutaneum grown in continuous culture.. Journal of General Microbiology 136:1491–1495
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Stoffel W., Hanflan P. 1973; Analysis of amino sugar-containing glycosphingolipids by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.. Hoppe-Seyler̓s Zeitschrift fur Phvsiologische Chemie 354:21–31
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Sullivan P.A., Chiew Y.Y., Molloy C, Shepherd M.G. 1983; An analysis of the metabolism and cell wall composition of Candida albicans during germ-tube formation.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 29:1514–1525
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Tsuchihashi H., Yadomae T., Miyazaki T. 1983; Structural analysis of the cell wall d Glucuronans from the fungi Absidia cylindrospora, Mucor mucedo, and Rhizopus nigricans. . Carbohydrate Research 111:330–335
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Turner S.H., Cherniak R. 1991; Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype B: structural analysis by gasliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.. Carbohydrate Research 211:103–116
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Van Rinsum J., Klis F.M., Van Den Ende H. 1991; Cell wall glucomannoproteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9. . Yeast 7:717–726
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Vartivarian S.E., Reyes G.H., Jacobson E.S., James P.G., Cherniak R., Mumaw V.R., Tingler M.J. 1989; Localization of mannoprotein in Cryptococcus neoformans. . Journal of Bacteriology 171:6850–6852
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Whitman A.C.M. 1979; Carbohydrate composition and taxonomy of Geotrichium, Trichosporon and allied genera.. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45:119–127
    [Google Scholar]
  54. West M., Emerson G.W., Sullivan P.A. 1990; Purification and properties of two lactose hydrolasesfrom Trichosporon cutaneum. . Journal of General Microbiology 136:1483–1490
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2123
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2123
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error