1887

Abstract

Summary: The starvation-survival of in seawater was assessed by plate and epifluorescence counts, H-label decrease, cellular DNA concentrations, and metabolic activities. These assays were performed on two types of populations, adapted and non-adapted to seawater. The number of viable cells in the adapted population remained constant throughout starvation-survival in sterile seawater. In contrast, a significant decrease in the ability of the non-adapted to form colonies on plates following starvation-survival in sterile seawater was observed. However, this drop in viable counts was not mirrored by the epifluorescence counts and H-label, which did not show major changes for either population during the experiments, indicating maintenance of the number of cells. In addition, a significant increase in and subsequent maintenance of DNA content and thymidine incorporation was observed for both populations during starvation-survival in sterile seawater. The changes in cell-attached exoproteolytic activity and electron transport system activity showed that adapted and non-adapted cells maintain their metabolic potential. Cell-free exoproteolytic activity was drastically reduced in both populations. Adapted cells showed higher electron transport system activity and thymidine incorporation than non-adapted cells at the onset of starvation-survival. The effect of previous adaptation on starvation-survival, as assessed by plate counts and H-label decrease, w as also observed in raw seawater. It seems from these data that the biological potential of cells suspended in sterile seawater has not been switched off or impaired seriously.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-7-1425
1993-07-01
2024-12-12
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/139/7/mic-139-7-1425.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-7-1425&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Albertson N.H., NystrÖm T., Kjelleberg S. 1990; Exoprotease activity of two marine bacteria during starvation.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56:218–223
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Amy P.S., Hiatt H.D. 1989; Survival and detection of bacteria in aquatic environments.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55:788–793
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson I.C., Rhodes M., Kator H.I. 1983; Seasonal variation in survival of Escherichia coli exposed ̒in situ̓ in membrane diffusion chambers containing filtered and non-filtered estuarine waters.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45:1877–1883
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barcina I., Arana I., Iriberri J., Egea L. 1986; Influence of light and natural microbiota of the Butron River on E. coli survival.. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 52:555–566
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Berger H., Hacker J., Juarez A., Hughes C., Goebel W. 1982; Cloning of the chromosomal determinants encoding hemolysin production and mannose-resistant hemoagglutination in Escherichia coli.. Journal of Bacteriology 152:1241–1247
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brdar B., Kos E., Drakulic M. 1965; Metabolism of nucleic acids and protein in starving bacteria.. Nature; London: 208303–304
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Broome C.V. 1984; Current issues in epidemiology of legionellosis, 1983.. In Legionella: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium pp. 205–209, Edited by. Thomsberry C. others Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology.;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Burton G.A., Gunnison D., Lanza G.R. 1987; Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53:633–638
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Chai T. 1983; Characteristics of Escherichia coli grown in bay water as compared with rich medium.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45:1316–1323
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Chamberlin C.E., Mitchell R. 1978; A decay model for enteric bacteria in natural waters.. In Water Pollution Microbiology pp. 325–348, Edited by. Mitchell R. New York:: John Wiley.;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Csonka L. 1989; Physiological and genetic response of bacteria to osmotic stress.. Microbiological Reviews 53:121–147
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Dawe L.L., Penrose W.R. 1978; ̒Bactericidal̓ property of seawater: death or debilitation?. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 35:829–833
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Fuhrman J., Azam F. 1982; Bacterioplankton secondary production estimates for coastal waters of British Columbia, Antarctica and California.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39:1085–1095
    [Google Scholar]
  14. García-Lara J., Penon F.J., GonzÁlez J., Vives-Rego J. 1991a; Assessment of microbial activity by the int-dehydrogenase assay during the degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in sea water and in the O.E.C.D. screening test method.. Biomedical Letters 46:151–157
    [Google Scholar]
  15. GarcÍa-Lara J., Menon P., Servais P., Billen G. 1991b; Mortality of fecal bacteria in seawater.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:885–888
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gauthier M.J., Munro P.M., Breittmayer V.A. 1988; Influence of prior growth conditions on low nutrient response of Escherichia coli in seawater.. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35:379–383
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gauthier M.J., Flatau G.N., ClÉment R.L. 1990; Influence of phosphate ions and alkaline phosphatase activity of cells on survival of Escherichia coli in seawater.. Microbial Ecology 20:245–251
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gerba C.P., Mcleod J.S. 1976; Effects of sediments on the survival of E. coli in marine waters.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32:114–120
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gurijala K.R., Alexander M. 1988; Role of sublethal injury in decline of bacterial populations in lake water.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54:2859–2861
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Gurijala K.R., Alexander M. 1990; Explanation for the decline of bacteria introduced into lake water.. Microbial Ecology 20:231–244
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hobbie J., Daley R.J., Jasper S. 1977; Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33:1225–1228
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kjelleberg S., Hermansson M., MÅrdÉn P. 1987; The transient phase between growth and nongrowth of heterotrophic bacteria, with emphasis on the marine environment.. Annual Review of Microbiology 41:25–49
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Mcdonald L.C., Hackney C.R., Bray B. 1983; Enhanced recovery of injured Escherichia coli by compounds that degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45:360–365
    [Google Scholar]
  24. MÅrdÉn P., Hermansson M., Kjelleberg S. 1988; Incorporation of tritiated thymidine by marine bacterial isolates when undergoing a starvation survival response.. Archives of Microbiology 149:427–432
    [Google Scholar]
  25. MartÍnez J. 1989; Activity and mortality of bacteria in aquatic systems: basic and applied aspects.. PhD thesis University of Barcelona; Spain.:
    [Google Scholar]
  26. MartÍnez J., GarcÍa-Lara J., Vives-Rego J. 1989; Estimation of Escherichia coli mortality in seawater by the decrease in 3H-label and electron transport system activity.. Microbial Ecology 17:219–225
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Mason C.A., Hamer G., Brayers J.D. 1986; The death and lysis of microorganisms in environment processes.. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 39:373–401
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Matin A. 1990; Molecular analysis of the starvation stress in Escherichia coli.. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74:185–196
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Matin A., Auger E.A., Blum P.H., Schultz J.E. 1989; Genetic basis of starvation survival in nondifferentiating bacteria.. Annual Review of Microbiology 43:293–316
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Miller J.H. 1977 Experiments in Molecular Genetics p. 431 Cold Spring Harbor, NY:: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Morgan J.A.W., Cranwell P.A., Pickup R.W. 1991; Survival of Aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:1777–1782
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Moyer C.L., Morita R.Y. 1989; Effect of growth rate and starvation-survival on cellular DNA, RNA, and protein of psychrophilic marine bacterium.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55:2710–2716
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Munro P.M., Gauthier M.J., Laumond F.M. 1987; Changes in Escherichia coli cells starved in seawater or grown in seawater-waste water mixtures.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53:1476–1481
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Munro P.M., Gauthier M.J., Breittmayer V.A., Bongiovanni J. 1989; Influence of osmoregulation processes on starvation survival of Escherichia coli in seawater.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55:2017–2024
    [Google Scholar]
  35. NystrÖm T., Kjelleberg J. 1989; Role of protein synthesis in the cell division and starvation induced resistance to autolysis of a marine Vibrio during the initial phase of starvation.. Journal of General Microbiology 135:1599–1606
    [Google Scholar]
  36. NystrÖm T., Albertson N.H., FlÅrdh K., Kjelleberg S. 1990; Physiological and molecular adaptation to starvation and recovery from starvation by the marine Vibrio sp. S14.. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74:129–140
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Paszko-Kolva C., Shahamat M., Yamamoto H., Sawyer T., Vives-Rego J., Colwell R.R. 1991; Survival of Legionella pneumophila in the aquatic environment.. Microbial Ecology 22:75–83
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Paul J.H., Myers B. 1982; Fluorometric determination of DNA in aquatic microorganisms by use of Hoechst 33258.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43:1393–1399
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rhodes M.W., Kator H.I. 1988; Survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in estuarine environments.. Applies and Environmental Microbiology 54:2902–2907
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Roszak D.B., Colwell R.R. 1987; Survival strategies of bacteria in the natural environmental.. Microbiological Reviews 51:365–379
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Roth W.G., Leckie M.P., Dietzler D.N. 1988; Restoration of colony-forming activity in osmotically stressed Escherichia coli by betaine.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54:3142–3146
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Servais P., MartÍnez J., Billen G., Vives-Rego J. 1987; Determining [3H]-thymidine incorporation into bacterioplankton DNA: improvement of the method by DNase treatment.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53:1977–1979
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Snow J. 1936 On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. Hafner, New York:: Commonwealth Fund.;
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sokal R.R., Rohlf F.J. 1981 Biometry. New York:: W. H. Freeman & Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Somville M., Billen G. 1983; A method for determining exoproteolytic activity in natural waters.. Limnology and Ocean-ography 28:190–193
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Sorensen S.J. 1991; Survival of Escherichia coli K12 in seawater.. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 85:161–168
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Vives-Rego J., Billen G., Fontigny A. 1985; Free and attached proteolytic activity in water environments.. Marine Ecology Progress Series 21:245–249
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-7-1425
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-7-1425
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error