1887

Abstract

strain NRRL B42 and its derivative RCGr1 produce a complex exopolysaccharide, acetan, containing glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose in a 4:1:1:1 molar ratio. The synthesis of acetan, employing electroporated cells as the enzyme system and the respective C-labelled sugar nucleotide precursors, is described. The synthesis of the prenyl-linked heptasaccharide repeat unit, already observed in EDTA-treated cells, was confirmed, as well as the formation of other saccharides not related to acetan biosynthesis, including a high molecular mass glucan. The acetan formed was characterized by gel filtration, specific radioactive labelling with each precursor and permethylation analysis. It was also shown that acetan contains acetyl residues and that using [C]acetyl CoA as donor, radioactivity was detected both at the polysaccharide and at the prenyl-linked oligosaccharide stage.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-11-2745
1993-11-01
2024-10-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/139/11/mic-139-11-2745.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-11-2745&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amemura A., Hisamatsu M., Mitani H., Harada T. 1983; Cyclic (l,2)-β-D-glucan and the octasaccharide repeating units of extracellular acidic polysaccharides produced by Rhizobium. Carbohydrate Research 114:277–285
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Amemura A., Hashimoto T., Koizumi K., Utamura T. 1985; Occurrence of extracellular (l–2)-β-d-glucans and (l–2)-β-D-gluco- oligosaccharides inAcetobacter. Journal of General Microbiology 131:301–307
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Betlach M. R., Capage M. A., Doherty D. H., Hassler R. A., Henderson N. M., Vanderslice R. W., Marrelli J. D., Ward M. B. 1987; Genetically engineered polymers: manipulation of xanthan biosynthesis. In Progress in Biotechnology 3 Industrial Polysaccharides pp. 30–50 Valpani M. Edited by Amsterdam: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bossio J. C., Iñón De Iannino N., Dankert M. A. 1986; In vitrosynthesis of a lipid-linked acetylated and pyruvilated oligosaccharide inRhizobium trifolii. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 134:205–211
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bray G. A. 1960; A simple efficient liquid scintillator for counting aqueous solutions in a liquid scintillation counter. Analytical Biochemistry 1:279–285
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Couso R. O., Ielpi L., García R. C., Dankert M. A. 1980; Synthesis of mannosyl cellobiose diphosphate prenol inAcetobacter xylinum. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 204:434–443
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Couso R. O., Ielpi L., García R. C., Dankert M. A. 1982; Biosynthesis of polysaccharides inAcetobacter xylinum.Sequential synthesis of a heptasaccharide diphosphate prenol. European Journal of Biochemistry 123:617–627
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Couso R. O., Iñon De Iannino N., Dankert M. A. 1986; Characterization of a lipid-linked glucuronic acid derivative inAcetobacter xylinumpreparations. Anales de la Asóciacion Química Argentina 74:783–793
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Couso R. O., Ielpi L., Dankert M. A. 1987; A xanthan-gum-like polysaccharide fromAcetobacter xylinum. Journal of General Microbiology 133:2123–2135
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dankert M. A., Wright A., Kelly W. S., Robbins P. W. 1966; Isolation, purification and properties of the lipid-linked intermediates of O-antigen biosynthesis. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 116:425–435
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Delmer D. P. 1983; Biosynthesis of cellulose. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 41:105–153
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Elbein A. D., Barker G. A., Hassid W. Z. 1966; Cellulose synthesis from plants. Methods in Enzymology 8:416–418
    [Google Scholar]
  13. García R. C., Recondo E., Dankert M. A. 1974; Polysaccharide biosynthesis inAcetobacter xylinum.Enzymatic synthesis of lipid diphosphate and monophosphate sugars. European Journal of Biochemistry 43:93–105
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hestrin S., Schramm M. 1954; Preparation of freeze-dried cells capable of polymerizing glucose to cellulose. Biochemical Journal 58:345–352
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ielpi L., Couso R. O., Dankert M. A. 1981a; Lipid-linked intermediates in the biosynthesis of xanthan-gum. FEBS tetters 130:253–256
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ielpi L., Couso R. O., Dankert M. A. 1981b; Pyruvic acid acetal residues are transferred from phosphoenol pyruvate to the pentasaccharide P-P-lipid. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 102:1400–1408
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ielpi L., Couso R. O., Dankert M. A. 1983; Xanthan gum biosynthesis: acetylation occurs at the prenyl-phospho-sugar stage. Biochemistry International 6:323–333
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Ielpi L., Couso R. O., Dankert M. A. 1993; Sequential assembly and polymerization of the polyprenol-linked pentasaccharide repeating unit of the xanthan polysaccharide inXanthomonas campestris. Journal of Bacteriology 175:2490–2500
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Iñon De Iannino N., Couso R. O., Dankert M. A. 1988; Lipid- linked intermediates and the synthesis of acetan inAcetobacter xylinum. Journal of General Microbiology 134:1731–1736
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Jansson P. E., Kenne L., Lindberg B. 1975; Structure of the extracellular polysaccharide fromXanthomonas campestris. Carbohydrate Research 45:275–282
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Jansson P. E., Lindberg J., Swarna Wimilasiri K. M., Dankert M. A. 1993; Structural studies of acetan, an exopolysaccharide elaborated byAcetobacter xylinum. Carbohydrate Research in the Press
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Leive L. 1974; The barrier function of the Gram-negative envelope. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 235:109–127
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Li E., Tabas I., Kornfeld S. 1978; The synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides. Structure of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor of the complex-type oligosaccharides of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253:7762–7770
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Maccormick C. A., Harris J. E., Gunning A. P., Morris V. J. 1993; Characterization of a variant of the polysaccharide acetan produced by a mutant ofAcetobacter xylinumstrain CR1/4. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 74:196–199
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Potter H. 1988; Electroporation in biology: methods, applications and instrumentation. Analytical Biochemistry 174:361–373
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Robbins P. W., Bray D., Dankert M. A., Wright A. 1967; Direction of chain growth in polysaccharide synthesis. Science 158:1536–1542
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Romero P. A. 1977 Función de los poliprenoles en la síntesis de polisacdridos PhD Thesis University of Buenos Aires:
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Romero P. A., García R. C., Dankert M. A. 1977a; Synthesis of polyprenol-monophosphate-β-galactose byAcetobacter xylinum. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 16:205–212
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Romero P. A., García R. C., Dankert M. A. 1977b; Polyprenol kinase inAcetobacter xylinum. Acta Physiologica Latinoamericana 26:434–437
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Ross P., Mayer R., Benziman M. 1991; Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria. Microbiological Reviews 55:35–58
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Sandermann H. Jr Dekker R. F. H. 1979; β-l,2-Glycosyl transfer by membrane preparations fromAcetobacter xylinum. FEBS tetters 107:237–240
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sandford P. A., Conrad M. E. 1966; The structure of theAerobacter aerogenesA3 (SI) polysaccharide. I. A re-examination using improved procedures for methylation analysis. Biochemistry 5:1508–1517
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Smith F., Montgomery R. 1956; End group analysis of polysaccharides. In Methods of Biochemical Analysis 3 pp. 154–157 Glick D. Edited by New York and London: Interscience;
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Staneloni R. J., Tolmasky M. A., Leloir L. F. 1984; Lipid bound saccharides containing glucose and galactose inAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of General Microbiology 130:869–879
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Tolmasky M. E., Staneloni R. J., Leloir L. F. 1982; Lipid- bound saccharides inRhizobium meliloti. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257:6751–6757
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Trevelyan W. E., Procter D. P., Harrison J. S. 1950; Detection of sugars on paper chromatograms. Nature: London; 166444–445
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Zevenhuizen L.P.T.M., Van Neerven A. R. W. 1983; (1→2)-β- d-glucan and acidic oligosaccharides produced byRhizobium meliloti. Carbohydrate Research 118:127–134
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Zorreguieta A., Cavaignac S., Geremía R. A., Ugalde R. A. 1990; Osmotic regulation of β(1,2)glucan synthesis in members of the family Rhizobiaceae. Journal of Bacteriology 174:4701–4709
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-11-2745
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-139-11-2745
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error