1887

Abstract

Alginate lyases (alginases) have been prepared from strains of and in which they were located in the periplasm. The enzymes are present in wild-type strains of each species and in mutants failing to encyst or produce bacterial alginate. The lyases have been partially purified by ion exchange chromatography and by affinity chromatography on a matrix prepared from poly-D-mannuronic acid. Although several bacterial and algal alginate preparations were degraded by the enzymes, highest activity was found on poly-D-mannuronic acid or on algal alginates with high mannuronic acid content. The major product from enzymes of either bacterium was an unsaturated uronic acid, when either alginates or poly-D-mannuronic acid were used as substrates. When tested against a series of algal alginates of increasing D-mannuronic acid content, the enzyme activity was highest against alginates of high D-mannuronic acid content, indicating that the enzymes are endo-D-mannurono-lyases. The alginases from the two bacterial species are not identical in their substrate specificity although both show the same generalized type of action.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-11-2465
1992-11-01
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/138/11/mic-138-11-2465.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-11-2465&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Blumenkrantz N., Aseo E-Hansen G. 1973; New method for quantitative determination of uronic acid. Analytical Biochemistr y 54:484–489
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Boyd J., Turvey J. R. 1978; Structural studies of alginic acid using a bacterial poly-a-L-guluronate lyase. Carbohydrate Research 66:187–194
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bradford M. M. 1976; A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 71:248–254
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Brown B. J., Preston J. F. 1991; L-Guluronan-specific alginate lyase from a marine bacterium associated with Sargassum. Carbohydrate Research 211:91–102
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Caswell R. C., Gacesa P., Lutrell K. E., Weightman A. J. 1989; Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a Klebsielf a pneumoniae gene encoding alginate lyase. Gene 75:127–134
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cheng K-J., Ingram J. M., Costerton J. W. 1970; Release of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by manipulation of cation concentration and of pH. Journal of Bacteriology 104:748–753
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cote G. L., Krull L. H. 1988; Characterization of the exoce llul a r polysaccharides from Azotobacter chroococcum. Carbohydrate Research 181:143–152
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Davidson I. W., Sutherland L. W., Lawson C. J. 1976; Purification and properties of an alginate lyase from a ma rine bacterium. Biochemical Journal 159:707–713
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Davidson I. W., Lawson C. J., Sutiierland I. W. 1977; An alginate lyase from Azotobacter vinelandii phage. Journal of General Microbiology 98:223–229
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Doubet R. S., Quatrano R. S. 1984; Properties of alginate lyase s from marine bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47:699–703
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Evans L. R., Linker A. 1973; Production and characterization of the slime polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Bacteriology 116:915–924
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Feingold D. S., Bentley R. 1987; Conformational aspect s of the reaction mechanisms of polysaccharide lyases and epimerase s. FEBS Letters 223:207–211
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gacesa P. 1987; Alginate-modifying enzymes. FEBS Letters 212:199–202
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hansen J.B., Doubet R. S., Ram J. 1984; Alginase production by Bacillus circulans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47:704–709
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Haugen F., Kortner F., Larsen B. 1990; Kinetics and specificity of alginate lyases. I. A case study. Carbohydrate Research 198:101–109
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hestrin S. 1949; The reaction of acetylcholine and other carboxylic acid derivatives with hydroxylamine, and its analytical app licatio n. Journal of Biological Chemistry 180:249–261
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Linhardt R. J., Galliher P. M., Cooney C. L. 1986; Polysaccharide lyases. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 12:135–176
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Norris J. R. 1959; The isolation and identification of Azotobacter. Laboratory Practice 8:239–243
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Osborn M. J., Gander J. E., Parisi E., Carson J. 1972; Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Isolation and characterization of cytoplasmic and outer membrane. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247:3962–3972
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Osman S. F., Fett W. F., Fishman M. L. 1986; Exopolysac-charides of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinae. Journal of Bacteriology 166:66–71
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Page W. J. 1986; Sodium-dependent growth of Azotobacter chroococcum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51:510–514
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Page W. J., Sadoff H. L. 1975; Relationship between calcium and uronic acids in the encystment of Azotobacter vinelandii. Journal of Bacteriology 122:145–151
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Penman A., Sanderson G. R. 1972; A method for the determination of uronic acid sequence in alginates. Carbohydrate Research 25:273–282
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Preston J. F., Rice J. O., Chow M. C., Brown B. J. 1991; Kinetic comparisons of trimer-generating pectate and alginate lyases by reversed-phase ion pair chromatography. Carbohydrate Research 215:147–157
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Romeo A., Preston J. F. 1986; Purification and structural properties of an extracellular (1→4),β-D-mannuronan specific alginate lyase from a marine bacterium. Biochemistry 25:8385–8391
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sadoff H. L. 1975; Encystment and germination in Azotobacter vinelandii. Bacteriological Reviews 39:516–539
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Skjak-Braek G., Larsen B. 1985; Biosynthesis of alginate: purification and characterization of mannuronan C-5-epimerase from Azotobacter vinelandii. Carbohydrate Research 139:273–283
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Skjak-Braek G., Grasdalen H., Larsen B. 1986; Monomer sequence and acetylation pattern in some bacterial alginates. Carbohydrate Research 154:239–250
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Sutherland I. W., Keen G. A. 1981; Alginases from Beneckea pelagia and Pseudomonas spp. Journal of Applied Biochemistry 3:48–57
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sutherland I. W., Mackenzie C. L. 1977; Glucan common to the microcyst walls of cyst-forming bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 129:599–605
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Weissbach A., Hurwitz J. 1958; The formation of 2-keto-3-deoxyheptonic acid in extracts of Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 234:705–709
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-11-2465
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-11-2465
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error