1887

Abstract

Eight hundred and twenty-one strains of the genera and were physiologically characterized using a total of 329 miniaturized tests. Overall similarities of all strains were determined by numerical taxonomic techniques using the UPGMA algorithm and the S and the coefficients as measures of similarity. Test error was within acceptable limits. Comparison of photometric and visual test reading revealed overall differences of 7·45%. A total of 15 major clusters (six or more strains), 34 minor clusters (less than six strains) and 40 single-member clusters were defined at the 81.5% similarity level ( ). Two clusters containing physiologically, and in some cases morphologically and genetically, different groups could be further subdivided at the 84·0% similarity level ( ). Generally, similar groupings were obtained with the Jaccard coefficient at similarity levels ranging from 59·6% to 64·6% similarity ( ), with changes in the definition of clusters and subclusters. The cophenetic correlation coefficients for the UPGMA/ and the UPGMA/ analysis were 0·6929 and 0·8239, respectively. Several phena showed significant overlap with others, indicating the physiological variability within the species. The phenetic data in most cases confirm the major phena of the study of Williams . (1983), 129, 1743-1813 (although the cluster-groups defined in that study could only be detected in part) and the results indicate that the genus is still overspeciated. Some of the major groupings obtained were very much in line with chemotaxonomic and genetical data. However, several clusters containing only a few strains should be regarded as preliminary ‘species’ until further information is available. The majority of strains presently assigned to different species formed a homogeneous subcluster defined at the 84·0% similarity level ( ). Thus, on the basis of numerical phenetic and (published) molecular genetic and chemotaxonomic data, our study supports the suggestion that members of the genus be reclassified into the genus .

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-8-1831
1991-08-01
2024-12-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/137/8/mic-137-8-1831.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-8-1831&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alderson G., Athalye M., White R. P. 1984; Numerical methods in the taxonomy of Sporoactinomycetes. Biological, Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects of Actinomycetes597–615 Ortiz-Ortiz L., Bojalil L. F., Yakoleff V. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Austin B., Colwell R. R. 1977; Evaluation of some coefficients for use in numerical taxonomy of micro-organisms. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 27:204–210
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Collins M. D., Jones D. 1981; Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiological Reviews 45:316–354
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Collins M. D., Pirouz Y., Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E. 1977; Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and coryne-bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 100:221–230
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Fierro J. F., Parra F., Quiros L. M., Hardison C., Salas J. A. 1987; Heterogeneity of the ribosomal protein pattern in mycelium of Streptomyces species. FEMS Microbiology Letters 41:283–287
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Gause G. F., Preoprazhenskaya T. P., Kudrina E. S., Blinov N. O., Ryabova I. D., Sveshnikova M. A. 1957 Problems in the Classification of Antagonistic Actinomycetes Moscow: State Publishing House of Medical Literature, Medzig;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gladek A., Mordarski M., Goodfellow M., Williams S. T. 1985; Ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities in the classification of Streptomyces . FEMS Microbiology Letters 26:175–180
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Goodfellow M. 1986; Actinomycetes systematics: present state and future prospects. Biological, Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects of Actinomycetes, Part B487–496 Szabo G., Biro S., Goodfellow M. Budapest: Academiai Kiado;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodfellow M., Alderson G. 1977; The actinomycete genus Rhodococcus: a home for the ‘rhodochrous’ complex. Journal of General Microbiology 100:99–122
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Goodfellow M., Cross T. 1984; Classification. Biology of Actinomycetes7–164 Goodfellow M., Mordarski M., Williams S. T. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Goodfellow M., Pirouz T. 1982; Numerical classification of sporoactinomycetes containing weso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. Journal of General Microbiology 128:503–527
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Goodfellow M., Schaal K. P. 1979; Identification methods of Nocardia, Actinomadura and Rhodococcus . Identification Methods for Microbiologists, 2.261–276 Skinner F. A., Lovelock D. W. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Goodfellow M., Wayne L. G. 1982; Taxonomy and nomenclature. Biology of the Mycobacteria 1472–521 Ratledge C., Stanford J. L. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Goodfellow M., Mordarski M., Williams S. T. 1984; Introduction to and importance of actinomycetes. Biology of Actinomycetes1–6 Goodfellow M., Mordarski M., Williams S. T. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Goodfellow M., Williams S. T., Alderson G. 1986; Transfer of Chainia species to the genus Streptomyces with emended descriptions of species. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 8:55–60
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Goodfellow M., Lonsdale C., James A. L., MacNamara O. C. 1987; Rapid biochemical tests for the characterization of strepto-mycetes. FEMS Microbiology Letters 43:39–44
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gottlieb D., Shirling E. B. 1967; Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces I. The International Streptomyces Project. International Journal of Sytematic Bacteriology 17:315–322
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gyllenberg H. G. 1970; Factor analytical evaluation of patterns of correlated characteristics in streptomycetes. The Actinomycetales101–105 Prauser H. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Gyllenberg H. G., Woznicka W., Kurylowicz W. 1967; Application of factor analysis in microbiology. 3. A study of the ‘yellow series’ of streptomycetes. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae, Series A (IV, Biologica) 114:3–15
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Harwood C. R. 1980; Plasmids. Microbiological Classification and Identification27–53 Goodfellow M., Board R. G. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hill L. R. 1974; Theoretical aspects of numerical identification. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:494–499
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Holmberg K., Nord C. E. 1975; Numerical taxonomy and laboratory identification of Actinomyces and Arachnia and some related bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 91:17–44
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hugh R., Leifson E. 1953; The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 66:22–24
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Hütter R. 1967 Systematik der Streptomyceten Basel: S. Karger;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Kämpfer P., Kroppenstedt R. M. 1991; Probabilistic identification of streptomycetes using miniaturized physiological tests. Journal of General Microbiology 137:1893–1902
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Korn F., Weingärtner B., Kutzner H. J. 1978; A study of twenty actinophage: morphology, serology, relationship and host range. Genetics of the Actinomycetales251–270 Freersen E., Tarnok I., Thumin J. H. Stuttgart: Gustave Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Kroppenstedt R. M. 1985; Fatty acid and menaquinone analysis of actinomycetes and related organisms. Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics173–199 Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Kroppenstedt R. M., Kutzner H. J. 1976; Biochemical markers in the taxonomy of the Actinomycetales . Experientia 32:318–319
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Kroppenstedt R. M., Korn-Wendisch F., , Fowler V. J., Stackebrandt E. 1981; Biochemical and molecular genetic evidence for the transfer of Actinoplanes armeniacus into the family Streptomycetaceae . Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene (I Abteilung, Originale C) 2:254–262
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Kurylowicz W., Woznicka W., Paszkiewicz A., Malinowski K. 1970; Application of numeric taxonomy in streptomyces. Actinomycetales107–122 Prauser H. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Kurylowicz W., Paszkiewicz A., Woznicka W., Kurzatkowski W., Szulga T. 1975; Classification of Streptomyces by different numerical methods. Postepy Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej 29:281–355
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Kutzner H. J. 1981; Streptomyces . The Prokaryotes: a Handbook of Habitats, Isolation and Identification of Bacteria2028–2090 Starr M. P., Stolp H., Triiper H. G., Balows A., Schlegel H. G. Berlin: Springer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Kutzner H. J., Böttinger V., Heitzer R. D. 1978; The use of physiological criteria in the taxonomy of Streptomyces and Strepto-verticillium . Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infek-tionskrankheiten und Hygiene, I Abteilung, Supplement 6:25–29
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Labeda D. P., Lyons A. J. 1991; Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness among species of the “Streptomyces cyaneus” cluster. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 14:158–164
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Lambert D. H., Loria R. 1989a; Streptomyces scabies sp. nov., nom. rev. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 39:387–392
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Lambert D. H., Loria R. 1989b; Streptomyces acidiscabies sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 39:393–396
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Langham C. D., Williams S. T., Sneath P. H. A., Mortimer A. M. 1989; New probability matrices for identification of Streptomyces . Journal of General Microbiology 135:121–133
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Lechevalier H. A., Lechevalier M. P. 1970a; A critical evaluation of the genera of aerobic actinomycetes. The Actinomycetales393–405 Prauser H. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Lechevalier M. P., Lechevalier H. A. 1970b; Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 20:435–443
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Lechevalier M. P., Debievre C., Lechevalier H. A. 1977; Chemotaxonomy of aerobic actinomycetes: phospholipid composition. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 5:249–260
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Locci R., Schofield G. M. 1989; Genus Streptoverticillium (Baldacci 1958) 15, emend, mut. char. Baldacci, Farina and Locci 168AL . Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology2492–2504 Williams S. T., Sharpe M., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Locci R., Rogers J., Sardi G., Schofield G. M. 1981; A preliminary numerical study on named species of the genus Streptoverticillium . Annali di Microbiologia 31:115–121
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Minnikin D. E., Goodfellow M. 1980; Lipid composition in the classification and identification of acid-fast bacteria. Microbiological Classification and Identification189–256 Goodfellow M., Board R. G. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Minnikin D. E., Pirouz T., Goodfellow M. 1977; Polar lipid composition in the classification of some Actinomadura species. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 27:118–121
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Minnikin D. E., Goodfellow M., Collins M. D. 1978; Lipid composition in the classification and identification of coryneform and related taxa. Coryneform Bacteria85–160 Bousfield I. J., Callely A. G. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Mordarski M., Goodfellow M., Williams S. T., Sneath P. H. A. 1986; Evaluation of species groups in the genus Streptomyces . Biological, Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects of Actinomycetes, Part B517–525 Szabo G., Biro S., Goodfellow M. Budapest: Academiai Kiado;
    [Google Scholar]
  47. O’Brien M., Colwell R. R. 1987; Characterization tests for numerical taxonomy studies. Methods in Microbiology 19:69–104
    [Google Scholar]
  48. O’Donnell A. 1988; Recognition of novel actinomycetes. Actinomycetes in Biotechnology69–88 Goodfellow M., Williams S. T., Mordarski M. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Okanishi M., Gregory K. F. 1970; Methods for the determination of deoxyribonucleic acid homologies in Streptomyces . Journal of Bacteriology 1041086–1094
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Okanishi M., Agakawa H., Umezawa H. 1972; An evaluation of taxonomic criteria in streptomycetes on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid homologies. Journal of General Microbiology 72:49–58
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Paszkiewicz A. 1972; Application of numerical methods to the taxonomy of the genus Streptomyces . Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 20:307–332
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Prauser H. 1976; Host-phage relationship in nocardioform organisms. The Actinomycetales266–284 Goodfellow M., Brownell G. H., Serrano J. A. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Pridham T. G. 1976; Contemporary species concepts in the Actinomycetales . Actinomycetes: The Boundary Microorganisms163–174 Arai T. Tokyo: Toppan Co;
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Pridham T. G., Tresner H. D. 1974a; Family VII. Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8.747–748 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Pridham T. G., Tresner H. D. 1974b; Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8.748–829 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Pridham T. G., Hesseltine C., Benedict R. G. 1958; A guide for the classification of streptomycetes according to selected groups. Placement of strains in morphological sections. Applied Microbiology 6:52–79
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Priest F. G., Goodfellow M., Todd C. 1988; A numerical classification of the genus Bacillus . Journal of General Microbiology 134:1847–1882
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Ridell M., Wallerström G., Williams S. T. 1986; Immunodif-fusion analysis of phenetically defined strains of Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium and Nocardiopsis . Systematic and Applied Microbiology 8:24–27
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Saddler G. S., O’Donnell A. G., Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E. 1987; SIMCA pattern recognition in the analysis of streptomycete fatty acids. Journal of General Microbiology 133:1137–1147
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Schofield G. M., Schaal K. P. 1981; A numerical taxonomic study of members of the Actinomycetaceae and related taxa. Journal of General Microbiology 127:237–259
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Shirling E. B., Gottlieb D. 1966; Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 16:313–340
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Shirling E. B., Gottlieb D. 1968a; Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces II. Species descriptions from first study. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 18:69–118
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Shirling E. B., Gottlieb D. 1968b; Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces III. Additional species descriptions from first and second studies. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 18:279–391
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Shirling E. B., Gottlieb D. 1969; Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces IV. Species descriptions from the second, third and fourth studies. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 18:391–512
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Shirling E. B., Gottlieb D. 1972; Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces V. Additional descriptions. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 22:265–394
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Skerman V. B. D., McGowan V., Sneath P. H. A. 1980; Approved lists of bacterial names. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30:225–420
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Sneath P. H. A. 1970; Application of numerical taxonomy to Actinomycetales: problems and perspectives. In the Actinomycetales371–378 Prauser H. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Sneath P. H. A. 1974; Test reproducibility in relation to identification. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:508–523
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Sneath P. H. A. 1979; basic program for a significance test for two clusters in Euclidean space as measured by their overlap. Computers and Geosciences 5:143–155
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Sneath P. H. A., Johnson R. 1972; The influence on numerical taxonomic similarities of errors in microbiological tests. Journal of General Microbiology 72:377–392
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1973; Numerical Taxonomy. The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification San Francisco: W. H. Freeman;
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Stackebrandt E. 1986; The significance of “wall types” in phylogenetically based taxonomic studies on Actinomycetes. Biological, Biochemical and Biomedical Aspects of Actinomycetes, Part B497–506 Szabo G., Biro S., Goodfellow M. Budapest: Academiai Kiado;
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Stackebrandt E., Woese C. R. 1981; The evolution of prokaryotes. Symposia of the Society for General Microbiology 32:1–31
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Stackebrandt E., Wunner-Fussl B., , Fowler V. J., Schleifer K. H. 1981; Deoxyribonucleic acid homologies and ribosomal ribonucleic acid similarities among sporeforming members of the order Actinomycetales . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 31:420–131
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Wellington E. M. H., Williams S. T. 1981; Host ranges of phage isolated to Streptomyces and other genera. Zentralblattfür Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene (I Albteilung), Supplement 11:93–98
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Williams S. T., Wellington E. M. H. 1980; Micromorphology and fine structure of actinomycetes. Microbiological Classification and Identification139–165 Goodfellow M., Board R. G. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Williams S. T., Goodfellow M., Alderson G., Wellington E. M. H., Sneath P. H. A., Sackin M. J. 1983a; Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. Journal of General Microbiology 129:1743–1813
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Williams S. T., Goodfellow M., Wellington E. M. H., Vickers J. C., Alderson G., Sneath P. H. A., Sackin M. J., Mortimer A. M. 1983b; A probability matrix for identification of some streptomycetes. Journal of General Microbiology 129:1815–1830
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Williams S. T., Locci R., Vickers J. C., Schofield G. M., Sneath P. H. A., Mortimer A. M. 1985; Probabilistic identification of Streptoverticillium species. Journal of General Microbiology 131:1681–1689
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Williams S. T., Goodfellow M., Alderson G. 1989; Genus Streptomyces (Waksman & Henrici, 1943) 339AL . Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 42452–2492 Williams S. T., Sharpe M. E., Holt J. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Witt D., Stackebrandt E. 1990; Unification of the genera Streptoverticillium and Streptomyces and amendation of Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943, 339AL . Systematic and Applied Microbiology 13:361–371
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-8-1831
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-8-1831
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error