1887

Abstract

Thirty-seven virulent and 19 temperate bacteriophages of subsp. and subsp. were classified in a taxonomic system on the basis of morphology, DNA-DNA hybridization, and protein composition. As judged from electron microscopy and susceptibility to cleavage by restriction endonucleases, the genome of all the bacteriophages investigated is composed of double stranded DNA. Seven virulent phage groups were recognized: types P034 (genome size 18·1 kilobase pairs, kb), P001 (20·2 kb), P008 (29·7 kb), P335 (36·4 kb), P026 (51·5 kb), P107 (51·5 kb), and P087 (54·5 kb). In addition, two temperate phage groups were established: types TP-40-3 (genome size 42·1 kb) and TP-936-1 (37·8 kb). Phages within each group revealed strong DNA homology and similar protein compositions, whereas no significant DNA homology and different proteins were found in phages of different groups. Virulent phages of group P335 exhibited strong DNA homology with the temperate phages of group TP-936-1.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-9-2551
1989-09-01
2024-12-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/135/9/mic-135-9-2551.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-9-2551&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Baumgartner A., Murphy M., Daly C., Fitzgerald G.F. 1986; Conjugative co-transfer of lactose and bacteriophage resistance plasmids from Streptococcus cremoris UC653. FEMS Microbiology Letters 35:233–237
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Coveney J.A., Fitzgerald G.F., Daly C. 1987; Detailed characterization and comparison of four lactic streptococcal bacteriophages based on the morphology, restriction mapping, DNA homology, and structural protein analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53:1439–1447
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Daly C., Fitzgerald G.F. 1982; Bacteriophage DNA restriction and the lactic streptococci. In Microbiology-1982, pp 213–216 Schlessinger D. Edited by Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. De Vos W.M., Underwood H.M., Davies F.L. 1984; Plasmid encoded bacteriophage resistance in Streptococcus cremoris SK11. FEMS Microbiology Letters 23:175–178
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Evenson D.P. 1977; Electron microscopy of viral nucleic acids. Methods in Virology 6:219–264
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Heap H.A., Jarvis A.W. 1980; A comparison of prolate- and isometric-headed lactic streptococcal bacteriophages. New Zealand Journal of Dairy Science and Technology 15:75–81
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Jarvis A.W. 1984a; Differentiation of lactic streptococcal phages into phage species by DNA-DNA homology. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47:343–349
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Jarvis A.W. 1984b; DNA-DNA homology between lactic streptococci and their temperate and lytic phages. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47:1031–1038
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Jarvis A.W., Meyer J. 1986; Electron microscopic heteroduplex study and restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of the DNA genomes of three lactic streptococcal bacteriophages. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51:566–571
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Klaenhammer T.R. 1987; Plasmid-directed mechanisms for bacteriophage defense in lactic streptococci. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 46:313–325
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Laemmli U.K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Laible N.J., Rule P.L., Harlander S.K., Mckay L.L. 1987; Identification and cloning of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid coding for abortive phage infection from Streptococcus lactis ssp. diacetylactis KR2. Journal of Dairy Science 70:2211–2219
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lautier M., Novel G. 1987; DNA-DNA hybridizations among lactic streptococcal temperate and virulent phages belonging to distinct lytic groups. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 2:151–158
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Lembke J., Krusch U., Lompe A., Teuber M. 1980; Isolation and ultrastructure of bacteriophages of group N (lactic) streptococci. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie (Abteilung I, Originate C) 1:79–91
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Loof M., Lembke J., Teuber M. 1983; Characterization of the genome of the Streptococcus lactissubsp. diacetylactis bacteriophage P008 wide-spread in German cheese factories. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 4:413–423
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Maniatis T., Fritsch E.F., Sambrook J. 1982 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mckay L.L., Baldwin K.A. 1984; Conjugative 40-megadalton plasmid in Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis DRC3 is associated with resistance to nisin and bacteriophage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47:68–74
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Neve H., Geis A., Teuber M. 1987; Conjugation, a common plasmid transfer mechanism in lactic acid streptococci of dairy starter cultures. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 9:151–157
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Powell J.B., Davidson B.E. 1985; Characterization of streptococcal bacteriophage c6A. Journal of General Virology 66:2737–2741
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Powell J.B., Davidson B.E. 1986; Resistance to in vitro restriction of DNA from lactic streptococcal bacteriophage c6A. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51:1358–1360
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Relano P., Mata M., Bonneau M., Ritzen-Thaler P. 1987; Molecular characterization and comparison of 38 virulent and temperate bacteriophages of Streptococcus lactis . Journal of General Microbiology 133:3053–3063
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Sanders M.E., Klaenhammer T.R. 1983; Characterization of phage-insensitive mutants from a phage-sensitive strain Streptococcus lactis: evidence for a plasmid determinant that prevents phage adsorption. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46:1125–1133
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Simon D., Rouault A., Chopin M.-C. 1985; Protoplast transformation of group N streptococci with cryptic plasmids. FEMS Microbiology Letters 26:239–241
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Southern E.M. 1975; Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Journal of Molecular Biology 98:503–517
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Terzaghi B.E., Sandine W.E. 1975; Improved medium for lactic streptococci and their bacteriophages. Applied Microbiology 29:807–813
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Teuber M., Lembke J. 1983; The bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria with emphasis on genetic aspects of group N lactic streptococci. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 49:283–295
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Teuber M., Loof M. 1987; Genetic characterization of lactic streptococcal bacteriophages. In Streptococcal Genetics, pp 250–258 Ferretti J. J., Curtiss R. E. III Edited by Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Wetzel A., Neve H., Geis A., Teuber M. 1986; Transfer of plasmid-mediated phage resistance in lactic acid streptococci. Chemie Mikrobiologie Technologic der Lebensmittel 10:86–89
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Whitehead H.R., Cox G.A. 1935; The occurrence of bacteriophages in starter cultures of lactic streptococci. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 16:319–320
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Yamamoto K.R., Alberts B.M., Benzinger R., Lawhorne L., Treiber G. 1970; Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large scale virus purification. Virology 40:734–744
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-9-2551
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-9-2551
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error