1887

Abstract

An auxotroph of , A1-pyr, was isolated after mutagenesis of ascospores with ultraviolet light. Addition of cytosine and to a lesser extent uracil, but not thymidine, to minimal medium permitted growth of this auxotroph. Protoplasts of Al-pyr failed to regenerate on Czapek agar medium without cytosine supplementation (20 mg 1); on cytosine-supplemented medium 0·1 % of protoplasts successfully regenerated. The mutant was avirulent on four of seven susceptible hosts unless an exogenous cytosine source was applied at the inoculation site. The requirement for external cytosine makes A1-pyr a potential candidate for use in biological weed control. While isolates of this fungus obtained from nature attack numerous beneficial crop and native plants, A1-pyr would be limited to the area of cytosine application, thus reducing the threat to beneficial plants.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-7-2085
1989-07-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/135/7/mic-135-7-2085.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-7-2085&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adams P.B. 1974; Host range of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Korf and Dumont (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary).Plant Protection Insti-tute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center - West. United States Department of Agriculture; Beltsville, Maryland:
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Adams P.B., Lumsden R.D., Tate C.J. 1974; Galinosoga paraflora: a new host for Whetzelinia sclerotiorum.. Plant Disease Reporter 58:700–701
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Adams P.B., Marose B.H., Dutky E .M. 1983; Cocklebur: a new host for several Sclerotinia species.. Plant Disease 67:484–485
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Van andel O.M. 1966; Amino acids and plant diseases.. Annual Review of Phytopathology 4:349–368
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bacon G.A., Burrows T.W., Yates M. 1951; The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum: the loss of virulence of certain mutants.. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 32:85–96
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Blanchette B., Letourneau D. 1977; The effects of gamma radiation on sclerotia of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum.. Environmental and Experimental Botany 17:49–54
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bodine E.W. 1935; Sclerotinia wilt of Canada thistle.. Phytopathology 25:963–964
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Boone D.M. 1971; Genetics of Venturia inaequalis.. Annual Review of Phytopathology 9297–318
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Boone D.M, Kline D.M., Keitt G.W. 1957; Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Wint. XII. Pathogenicity of induced biochemical mutants.. American Journal of Botany 44:791–796
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Broston B.S., Sands D.C. 1986; Field trials of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to control Canada thistle (iCirsium arvense).. Weed Science 34:377–380
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Charudattan R. 1985; The use of natural and genetically altered strains of pathogens for weed control.. In Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems pp. 347–372 Hoy M.A., Herzog D.C. Edited by New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Garber E.D. 1954a; The role of nutrition in the host-parasite relationship.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40:1112–1118
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Garber E.D. 1954b; A nutrition-inhibition hypothesis of pathogenicity.. American Naturalist 90:183–194
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Garber E.D., Shaeffer S.G., Goldman M. 1956; The virulence of biochemical mutants of Erwinia aroideae for varieties of radish and turnip.. Journal of General Microbiology 14:261–267
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Garber R.C., Fry W.E., Yoder O.C. 1983; Conditional field epidemics on plants: a resource for research on population biology.. Ecology 64:1653–1655
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Garrabrandt L.E., Johnson S.A., Peterson J.L. 1983; Tan sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from lettuce.. Mycologia 75:451–456
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Henson L., Valleau W.D. 1940; The production of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum in culture.. Phytopathology 30:869–873
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Holliday R. 1956; A new method for the identification of biochemical mutants of micro-organisms.. Nature; London: 178987
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Huang H.C. 1981; Tan sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 3:136–138
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Huang H.C. 1983; Pathogenicity and survival of the tan-sclerotial strain of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 5:245–247
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kline D.M., Boone D.M., Keitt G.W. 1957; Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. XII. Nutritional control of pathogenicity of certain biochemical mutants.. American Journal of Botany 44:797–803
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Klisiewiczk J.M. 1986; Susceptibility of yellow star-thistle to selected plant pathogens.. Plant Disease 70:295–297
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Leach J., Lang B.R., Yoder O.C. 1982; Methods for selection of mutants and in vitro culture of Cochliobolus heterostrophus.. Journal of General Microbiology 128:1719–1729
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lester H.E., Gross S.R. 1959; Efficient method for selection of auxotrophic mutants of Neurospora.. Science 129:572
    [Google Scholar]
  25. LeTourneau D. 1984; Inhibition of sclerotium formation by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with fluoro- phenylalanine.. Transactions of the British Mycologi- cal Society 82:156–159
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Morgan O.D. 1971; A study of four weed hosts of Sclerotinia species in alfalfa fields.. Plant Disease Reporter 55:1087–1089
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Perkins D.D., Radford A., Newmeyer D., Bjorkman M. 1982; Chromosomal loci of Neurospora crassa.. Microbiological Reviews 46:426–570
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Price K., Colhoun J. 1975; Pathogenicity of isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary to several hosts.. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 83:232–238
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Purdy L.H. 1979; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: history, diseases and symptomatology, host range, geographic distribution, and impact.. Phytopathology 69:875–880
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Rowlands R.T. 1983; Industrial fungal genetics and strain selection.. In The Filamentous Fungi 4 Fungal Technology,pp. 346–372 Smith J. E., Berry D. R., Kristiansen B. Edited by London: Edward Arnold;
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Saito I. 1977; Studies on the maturation and germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary, a causal fungus of bean stem rot.. Report of the Hokkaido Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station no.26
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Stanway C.A., Buck K.W. 1984; Infection of protoplasts of the wheat take-all fungus Gaeumanno- myces graminis var.tritici with double-stranded RNA viruses.. Journal of General Virology 65:2061–2066
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Templeton G.E., Tebeest D.O., Smith R.J.JR 1979; Biological weed control with mycoherbi- cides.. Annual Review of Phytopathology 17:301–310
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Tinline R.D. 1963; Cochliobolus sativus. VII. Nutritional control of the pathogenicity of some auxotrophs to wheat seedlings.. Canadian Journal of Botany 41:489–497
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Watson A.K., Copeman R.J., Renney A.J. 1974; A first record of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Microsphaeropsis centaureae on Centaurea diffusa.. Canadian Journal of Botany 52:2639–2640
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Wong A.L., Willeits H.J. 1973; Electrophoretic studies of soluble proteins and enzymes of Sclerotinia species.. Transactwns of the British Mycologica 61:167–178
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Wyllie T.D., Walter J.M. 1957; Variation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum induced by irradiation.. Phytopathology 47:538 (abstract)
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-7-2085
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-7-2085
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error