1887

Abstract

A new nocardioform actinomycete was isolated by filament micromanipulation during the course of a study into foaming in activated sludge plants in Australia. It constitutes the second most prevalent foaming organism in Australia after . These two foaming organisms can be differentiated morphologically, biochemically and chemotaxonomically. The microscopic appearance of the filaments of the new taxon resembles a pine tree. The filaments are Gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-motile, non-sheathed and about 0·5–1·0 μm in diameter. On a complex medium, the colonies are orange, opaque, macroscopically dry and friable, microscopically moist and shiny, with a pasty texture and an entire edge. The strains are positive for catalase, oxidase and urease and are oxidative in their metabolism of glucose. No strain could degrade hypoxanthine, xanthine, tyrosine, casein, gelatin or aesculin and none could grow with lysozyme. The strains contain peptidoglycan type Al, cell wall type IV, whole cell sugar pattern type A, phospholipid type PII, menaquinones ω--MK-8 (H), fatty acids comprising straight chain saturated and unsaturated acids and tuberculostearic acid, and mycolic acids with 58–64 carbons containing substantial amounts of unsaturated chains in the 2-position. The name has been chosen for the new taxon because of the pine tree like appearance of the organism on microscopy. The type strain, UQM3063, is deposited at the University of Queensland, Department of Microbiology Culture Collection.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-6-1547
1989-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/135/6/mic-135-6-1547.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-6-1547&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anonymous 1969; Milwaukee mystery : unusual operating problem develops.. Water and Sewage Works 116:213
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Blackbeard J.R., Ekama G.A., Marais G.VR. 1986; A survey of filamentous bulking and foaming in activated sludge plants in South Africa.. Water Pollution Control 85:90–100
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Burdon K.L. 1946; Fatty material in bacteria and fungi revealed by staining dried, fixed slide preparations.. Journal of Bacteriology 52:665–678
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Christensen W.B. 1946; Urea decomposition as a means of differentiating Proteus and paracolon cultures from each other and from Salmonella and Shigella types.. Journal of Bacteriology 52:461–466
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins M.D., Pirouz T., Goodfellow M., Minnikin D.E. 1977; Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria.. Journal oj General Microbiology 100:221–230
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins M.D., Howarth O.W., Grund E., Kroppenstedt R.M. 1987; Isolation and structural determination of new members of the vitamin K2 series in Nocardia brasiliensis.. FEMS Microbiology Letters 41:35–39
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cruickshank R., Duguid J.P., Marmion B.P., Swain R.H.A. 1975; Staining methods.. In Medical Microbiology II pp. 31–57 New York:: Churchill Livingstone.;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dhaliwal B.S. 1979; Nocardia amarae and activated sludge foaming.. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 51:344–350
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dobson G., Minnikin D.E., Minnikin S.M., Parlett J.H., Goodfellow M. 1985; Systematic analysis of complex mycobacterial lipids.. In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics pp. 237–265 Goodfellow M., Minnikin D. E. Edited by London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ferguson E.H. 1980; Actinomycetes of sewage treatment plants. Paper presented to the Queensland Branch of the Australian Water and Wastewater Association. 7: pp.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gledhill W.E., Casida L.E. 1969; Predominant catalase-negative soil bacteria. III. Agromyces, gen. n., microorganisms intermediary to Actinomyces and Nocardia.. Applied Microbiology 18:340–349
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Goodfellow M., Cross T. 1984; Classification.. In The Biology of the Actinomycetes pp. 7–164 Goodfellow M., Mordarski M., Williams S.T. Edited by London:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Goodfellow M., Lechevalier M.P. 1986; The genus Nocardia Trevisan 1889, 9AL.. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2 pp. 1459–1471 Sneath P. H. A. Edited by Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Goodfellow M., Minnikin D.E., Todd C., Alderson G., Minnikin S.M., Collins M.D. 1982; Numerical and chemical classification of Nocardia amarae.. Journal of General Microbiology 128:1283–1297
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gordon R.E. 1967; The taxonomy of bacteria.. In The Ecology of Soil Bacteria pp. 293–321 Gray T., Parkinson R. G., Parkinson B. Edited by Liverpool: Liverpool University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gordon R.E., Barnett D.A. 1977; Resistance to rifampin and lysozyme of strains of some species of Mycobacterium and Nocardia as a taxonomic tool.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 27:176–178
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Gordon R.E., Barnett D.A., Handerhan J.E., Pang C.H.-N. 1974; Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica and the nocardin strain.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:54–63
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Gordon R.E., Mishra S.K., Barnett D.A. 1978; Some bits and pieces of the genus Nocardia: N. carnea, N. vaccinii, N. transvalensis, N. orientalis and N. aerocolonigenes.. Journal of General Microbiology 109:69–78
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Harper J.J., Davis G.H.G. 1979; Twodimensional thin-layer chromatography for amino acid analysis of bacterial cell walls.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:56–58
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Hart M.A. 1985; Scum formation in a nutrient removing activated sludge plant.. Water South Africa 11:171–178
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hartley K.J. 1982; Nocardia in activated sludge plants.. Paper presented to 1982 Queensland Local Authority Engineers Conference Proceedings pp. 109–132
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Howarth O.W., Grund E., Kroppenstedt R.M., Collins M.D. 1986; Structural determination of a new naturally occurring cyclic vitamin K.. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 140:916–923
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Lechevalier H.A. 1975; Actinomycetes of sewage treatment plants.. US Dept, of Commerce National Technical Information Service Report no. PB 245914:
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lechevalier M.P., Lechevalier H.A. 1974; Nocardia amarae sp. nov., an actinomycete common in foaming activated sludge.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:278–288
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lemmer H., Kroppenstedt R.M. 1984; Chemotaxonomy and physiology of some actinomycetes isolated from scumming activated sludge.. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 5:124–135
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Marshall R.B., Wilton B.E., Robinson A.J. 1981; Identification of leptospira serovars by restriction endonuclease analysis.. Journal of Medical Microbiology 14:163–166
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Minnikin D.E., Alshamaony L., Goodfellow M. 1975; Differentiation of Mycobacterium, Nocardia and related taxa by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of whole-organism methanolysates.. Journal of General Microbiology 88:200–204
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Minnikin D.E., Hutchinson L.G., Caldicott A.B., Goodfellow M. 1980; Thin-layer chromatography of methanolysates of mycolic acid- containing bacteria.. Journal of Chromatography 188:221–233
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Minnikin D.E., Minnikin S.M., Goodfellow M. 1982; The oxygenated mycolic acids of Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense.. Biochimica et biophysica acta 712:616–620
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Minnikin D.E., O’Donnell A.G., Goodfellow M., Alderson G., Athalye M., Schaal A., Parlett J.H. 1984; An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids.. Journal of Microbiological Methods 2:233–241
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mordarski M., Szyba K., Pulverer G., Goodfellow M. 1976; Deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation in the classification of the ‘rhodochrous’ complex and allied taxa.. Journal of General Microbiology 94:235–245
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Mutimer M.D., Woolcock J.B. 1982; API ZYM for identification of Corynebacterium equi.. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Hygiene, Abteilung 1, Originate C 3:410–415
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Nahaie M.R., Goodfellow M., Minnikin D.E., Hajek V. 1984; Polar lipid and isoprenoid quinone composition in the classification of Staphylococcus.. Journal of General Microbiology 130:2427–2437
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Nelson J.K. 1979; Start-up and operation of Denver’s pure oxygen-activated sludge plant.. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 51:907–917
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Orlean P.A.B., Goodfellow M., Minnikin D.E. 1978; Isoniazid susceptibility as a criterion for the differentiation of mycobacterial species from other mycolic acid containing taxa.. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:194–196
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Pipes W.O. 1978; Actinomycete scum production in activated sludge processes.. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 50:628–634
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ratledge C. 1982; Nutrition, growth and metabolism.. In The Biology of the Mycobacteria 1 pp. 185–271 Ratledge C., Stanford J. Edited by London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Reichenbach H., Kohl W., Achenbach H. 1981; The flexirubin-type pigments, chemosystematically useful compounds.. In The Flavobacterium-Cytophaga Group (GBF Monograph Series no.5) pp. 101–108 Reichenbach H., Weeks O. B. Edited by Weinheim: Verlag Chemie;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Scheff G., Salcher O., Lingens F. 1984; Trichococcus flocculiformis gen. nov. sp. nov. A new gram-positive filamentous bacterium isolated from bulking sludge.. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 19:114–119
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Sierra G. 1957; A simple method for the detection of lipolytic activity of micro-organisms and some observations on the influence of the contact between cells and fatty substrates.. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 23:15–22
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Skerman V.B.D. 1967 A Guide to the Identification of Genera of Bacteria, 2nd edn.. Baltimore:: Williams & Wilkins.;
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Skerman V.B.D. 1968; A new type of micromanipulator and microforge.. Journal of General Microbiology 54:287–297
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Slijkhuis H. 1983; Microthrix parvicella,a filamentous bacterium isolated from activated sludge: cultivation in a chemically defined medium.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46:832–839
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Sneath P.H.A. 1956; Cultural and biochemical characteristics of the genus Chromobacterium.. Journal of General Microbiology 15:70–98
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Staneck J.L., Roberts G.D. 1974; Simplified approach to the identification of aerobic actinomy- cetes by thin-layer chromatography.. Applied Microbiology 28:226–231
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Stanier R.Y., Adelberg E.A., Ingraham J.L. 1977 General Microbiology, 4th edn.. London: Macmillan.:
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Trick I., Lingens F. 1984; Characterization of Herpetosiphon spec.-a gliding filamentous bacterium from bulking sludge.. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 19:191–198
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Tricker T.D.A., Thorpe A.H. 1979; The commissioning and operation of Belper Sewage Treatment Works.. Water Pollution Control 78:515–523
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Tsukamura M. 1981a; Differentiation between the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia by susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil.. Journal of General Microbiology 125:205–208
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Tsukamura M. 1981b; Test for susceptibility to mitomycin C as aids for differentiating the genus Rhodococcus from the genus Nocardia, and for differentiating Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei from other rapidly growing mycobacteria.. Microbiology & Immunology 25:1197–1199
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Van Veen W.L., Krul J.M., Bulder C.J.E.A. 1982; Some growth parameters of Haliscomenobacter hydrossis (syn. Streptothrix hyalina) - a bacterium occurring in bulking activated sludge.. Water Research 16:531–534
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Zajic J.E., Guignard H., Gerson D.F. 1977; Emulsifying surface active agents from Corynebacterium hydrocarboclasters.. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19:1285–1301
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-6-1547
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-6-1547
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error