A Streptomyces sp. isolated from compost degraded the hemicellulose fraction of straw efficiently but apparently not native cellulose. Ball-milled straw induced endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, β-xylanase and β-xylosidase. Carboxymethylcellulose, cellotetraose and cellotriose induced cellulolytic enzymes specifically whereas cellobiose acted as inducer for β-glucosidase only. Cellotriose and cellotetraose induced β-glucosidase, but only partially induced endoglucanase. Hemicellulose (in the form of xylan) and xylobiose induced only β-xylanase and β-xylosidase. Kraft lignin and syringic acid induced β-xylanase and endoglucanase but not the other enzymes. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid slightly induced β-xylanase whereas 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid specifically induced endoglucanase. Neither veratric acid nor vanillic and ferulic acids induced any of the cellulolytic or hemicellulolytic enzymes. Enzyme production was subject to a form of carbon catabolite repression. Endoglucanase and β-xylanase were excreted into the culture medium. Four protein components, one acidic (pI 5·2) and three basic (pI 8·15, 8·45 and 8·65) exhibited β-xylanase activity. Two acidic components (pI 3·55 and 3·75) displayed endoglucanase activity.
BernierR.JRDesrochersM.,
JurasekL.,
PaiceM.G.1983; Isolation and characterization of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis
. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46:511–514
BielyP.,
MislovicovaD.,
TomanR.1985a; Soluble chromogenic substrates for the assay of endo-1,4-β-xylanases and endo-1,4-β-glucanases. Analytical Biochemistry 144:142–146
BielyP.,
MarkovicO.,
MislovicovaD.1985b; Sensitive detection of endo-1,4-β-glucanases and endo-1,4-β-xylanases in gels. Analytical Biochemistry 144:147–154
DuboisM.,
GillesK.A.,
HamiltonJ.K.,
RebersP.A.,
SmithF.1956; Colorimetric methods for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28:350–356
FerchakJ.D.,
PyeE.K.1983; Effect of glucose and other sugars on the /1-1,4-glucosidase of Ther-monospora fusca
. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25:2855–2864
FlaiglW.,
BentelspaecherH.,
RietsE.1975; Chemical composition and physical properties of humic substances. In Soil Components1 Organic Components,pp. 1–211GiesekingJ.E.
Edited by Berlin: Springer-Verlag;
GoddenB.,
PenninckxM.1984; Identification and evolution of the cellulolytic microflora present during composting of cattle manure: on the role of Actinomyces sp. Annales de microbiologie 135B:69–78
HalliwellG.,
LoveladyJ.1981; Utilization of carboxymethylcellulose and enzyme synthesis by Trichoderma koningii
. Journal of General Microbiology 126:211–217
KluepfelD.,
ShareckF.,
MondouF.,
Moro-SoliR.1986; Characterization of cellulase and xylanase activities of Streptomyces lividans
. Applied and Microbial Biotechnology 24:230–234
MalfaitM.,
GoddenB.,
PenninckxM.1984; Growth and cellulase production of Micromonospora chalcae and Pseudonocardia thermophila
. Annales de microbiologie 135B:79–89
TheaterR.M.,
WoodP.J.1982; Use of Congo Red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43:777–780
VanzylW.H.1985; A study of the cellulase produced by three mesophilic actinomycetes grown on bagasse as substrate. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27:1367–1373