1887

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of a 2777 bp DNA segment containing the gene was determined. The open reading frame of 2187 bp encoded a glutamine synthetase (GS) subunit of 729 amino acid residues with a calculated of 82827. The apparent of the GS subunit determined by SDS-PAGE was approximately 75000. A single mRNA transcription start point was identified upstream of the open reading frame. The GS subunit is approximately 270 and 400 amino acids longer than the GSI and GSII subunits, respectively, of other prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The GSI and GSII holoenzymes are dodecamers and octamers respectively, whereas the GS of is a hexamer. Although GSI and GSII subunits show amino acid similarity in five conserved regions, this similarity is not strongly conserved in the GS. The GS of is not regulated by adenylylation and lacks the adenylylation site. It also lacks the Trp residue associated with the active site in GSI and GSII enzymes from other prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Erratum

An erratum has been published for this content:
Molecular analysis of a novel glutamine synthetase of the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3271
1989-12-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/135/12/mic-135-12-3271.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3271&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aiba H., Adhya S., De Crombrugghe B. 1981; Evidence for two functional gal promoters in intact Escherichia coli cells.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256:11905–11910
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Almassy R. J., Janson C. A., Hamlin R., Xuong N.-H., Eisenberg D. 1986; Novel subunit- subunit interactions in the structure of glutamine synthetase.. Nature; London: 323304–309
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ames G.F.-L., Nikaido K. 1985; Nitrogen regulation in Salmonella typhimurium. Identification of an ntrC protein-binding site and definition of a consensus binding sequence.. EMBO Journal 4:539–547
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bhatnagar L., Zeikus J. G., Aubert J.-P. 1986; Purification and characterization of glutamine synthetase from the archaebacterium Methanobacterium ivanovi.. Journal of Bacteriology 165:638–643
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bozouklian H., Elmerich C. 1986; Nucleotide sequence of the Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 glutamine synthetase structural gene.. Biochimie 68:1181–1187
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Carlson T. A., Chelm B. K. 1986; Apparent eukaryotic origin of glutamine synthetase II from the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum.. Nature; London: 322568–570
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Colombo G., Villafranca J. J. 1986; Amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase deduced from the DNA nucleotide sequence.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261:10587–10591
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gebhardt C., Oliver J. E., Forde B. G., Saare-Lainen R., Miflin B. 1986; Primary structure and differential expression of glutamine synthetase genes in nodules, roots and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris.. EMBO Journal 5:1429–1435
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gibbs C. S., Campbell K. E., Wilson R. H. 1987; Sequence of a human glutamine synthetase cDNA.. Nucleic Acids Research 15:6293
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hayward B. E., Hussain A., Wilson R. H., Lyons A., Woodcock V., Mcintosh B., Harris T.J.R. 1986; The cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for an amplified glutamine synthetase gene from the Chinese hamster.. Nucleic Acids Research 14:999–1008
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Henikoff S. 1984; Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing.. Gene 28:351–359
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Holdeman L. V., Moore W.E.C. 1972 Anaerobe Laboratory Manual. Blacksburg, USA:: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ish-Horowicz D., Burke J. F. 1981; Rapid and efficient cosmid cloning.. Nucleic Acids Research 9:2989–2998
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Janson C. A., Kayne P. S., Almassy R. J., Grunstein M., Eisenberg D. 1986; Sequence of glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium and implications for the protein structure.. Gene 46:297–300
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Janssen P. J., Jones W. A., Jones D. T., Woods D. R. 1988; Molecular analysis and regulation of the glnA gene of the Gram-positive anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum.. Journal of Bacteriology 170:400–408
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Krishnan I. S., Singhal R. K., Dua R. D. 1986; Purification and characterization of glutamine synthetase from Clostridium pasteurianum.. Biochemistry 25:1589–1599
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Miller J. H. 1972 Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY:: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.;
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Moon K., Smith E. L. 1973; Sequences of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. VIII. Peptides produced by specific chemical cleavages, the complete sequence of the protein.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 248:3082–3088
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mossie K. G., Jones D. T., Robb F. T., Woods D. R. 1979; Characterization and mode of action of a bacteriocin produced by a Bacteroides fragilis strain.. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 16:724–730
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Prusiner S., Stadtman E. R. 1973 The Enzymes of Glutamine Metabolism. New York:: Academic Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rasched I., Jornvall H., Sund H. 1974; Studies on glutamate dehydrogenase: identification of an amino group involved in the substrate binding.. European Journal of Biochemistry 41:603–606
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Rawlings D. E., Jones W. A., O’Neill E. G., Woods D. R. 1987; Nucleotide sequence of the glutamine synthetase gene and its controlling region from the acidophilic autotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.. Gene 53:211–217
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Rossbach S., Schell J., De Bruijn F. J. 1988; Cloning and analysis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 loci involved in glutamine biosynthesis: neither the glnA (GSI) nor the glnII (GSII) gene plays a special role in virulence.. Molecular and General Genetics 212:38–47
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74:5463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. 1968; 5′-Adenylyl-O-tyrosine. The novel phosphodiester of adenylyl- ated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 243:3769–3771
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Shine J., Dalgarno L. 1976; Determinant of cistron specificity in bacterial ribosomes.. Nature; London: 25434–38
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Southern J. A., Parker J. R., Woods D. R. 1986; Expression and purification of glutamine synthetase cloned from Bacteroides fragilis.. Journal of General Microbiology 132:2827–2835
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Southern J. A., Parker J. R., Woods D. R. 1987; Novel structure, properties and inactivation of glutamine synthetase cloned from Bacteroides fragilis.. Journal of General Microbiology 133:2437–2446
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Strauch M. A., Aronson A. I., Brown S. W., Schreier H. J., Sonenshein A. L. 1988; Sequence of the Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase gene region.. Gene 71:257–265
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Streicher S. L., Tyler B. 1980; Purification of glutamine synthetase from a variety of bacteria.. Journal of Bacteriology 142:69–78
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tischer E., Das Sarma S., Goodman H. M. 1986; Nucleotide sequence of an alfalfa glutamine synthetase gene.. Molecular and General Genetics 20 3:221–229
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Tumer N. E., Robinson S. J., Haselkorn R. 1983; Different promoters for the Anabaena glutamine synthetase gene during growth using molecular or fixed nitrogen.. Nature; London: 306337–342
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Walker J. E., Saraste M., Runwick M. J., Gay N. J. 1982; Distantly related sequences in the α and β -subunits of ATP synthetase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold.. EMBO Journal 1:945–951
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution.. Microbiological Reviews 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Wray L. V. Jr Fisher S. H. 1988; Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Streptomyces coelicolor gene encoding glutamine synthetase.. Gene 71:247–256
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Zabeau M., Stanley K. 1982; Enhanced expression of cro- β -galactoside fusion proteins under the control of the Pr promoter of bacteriophage λ.. EMBO Journal 1:1217–1224
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3271
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3271
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error