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Addition of choline to growing Clostridium acetobutylicum led to abnormal cell septation, lack of cell separation and the consequent formation of chains. Similar results were obtained with the wild-type strain N1-4 and its autolysin-deficient mutant N1-4081. With strain N1-4, addition of choline at 1 to 2 mg ml−1 resulted in inhibition of autolysis assessed as autoplast formation in 0·6 m-sucrose, lysis by 0·3 m-NaCl/0·03 m-sodium citrate, lysis by 0·1% Triton X-100 and lysis by penicillin G. In vitro data confirmed the inhibition by choline of wall-degrading activity, using N1-4 cell walls as substrate. Choline was shown to be a component of the teichoic acid of C. acetobutylicum N1-4.
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