1887

Abstract

In the course of a plant disease survey of the Malaysian Peninsula (Malaysia comprises the Malaysian Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak) during the period 1981-1986, more than 1000 isolates of were obtained from diseased plants and seeds. Two further isolates were obtained from patients admitted to hospitals in the same area. The occurrences of and are new records for the Malaysian Peninsula and the association of and var. with human diseases does not seem to have been reported previously. Ten representative species which could be classified into seven sections of the genus were selected for studies of their toxigenicity in liquid cultures and/or on rice. Crude toxin preparations from culture filtrates or extracts of the inoculated rice were tested for toxicity to brine shrimp larvae and tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. The protoplasts were more sensitive than the brine shrimp larvae to the toxin preparations, except those from the isolates of and var. obtained from either humans or tobacco. The toxicity of the preparations from rice cultures per g rice was always greater than the toxicity per ml of culture filtrates from cultures grown on Czapek-Dox broth, Czapek-Dox supplemented with 1% (w/v) peptone or Czapek-Dox supplemented with 5% (w/v) tobacco extract. The activity of all toxin preparations was stable to heat. It is concluded that the occurrence of toxigenic species of in the Malaysian Peninsula is widespread and that they may pose a serious threat to the health of human, animal and plant populations.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-3-841
1988-03-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/134/3/mic-134-3-841.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-3-841&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bergers W.W.A., Van Der Stap J.G.M., Kientz C. E. 1985; Trichothecene production in liquid stationary cultures of Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 (synonym: F. sporotrichioides): comparison of quantitative brine shrimp assay with physicochemical analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50:656–662
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Booth C. 1971 The Genus Fusarium. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Booth C. 1977 Fusarium: Laboratory Guide to the Identification of the Major Species. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Burgess L. W., Trimboli D. 1986; Characterization and distribution of Fusarium nygamai, sp. nov. Mycologia 78:223–229
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Din I., Salleh B. 1986; Seed-borne pathogenic fusaria on rice, maize and mungbean. In 2nd International Conference on Plant Protection in the Tropics17–20March 1986 Genting Highlands, Malaysia: (extended abstracts), p. 113
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Finney D. J. 1980 Probit Analysis. Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gordon W. L. 1960; The taxonomy and habitats of Fusarium species from tropical and temperate regions. Canadian Journal of Botany 38:643–658
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Haig A. M. Jr 1982 Chemical Warfare in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan pp 506–537 Report to Congress from the Secretary of State Washington:: US Department of State Special Report no. 98.;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hansen H. N., Smith R. E. 1932; The mechanisms of variation in imperfect fungi: Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathology 22:953–964
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Joffe A. Z. 1978; Fusarium poae and Fusarium sporotrichioides as principal causal agents of alimentary toxic aleukia. In Mycotoxic Fungi, Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis pp 21–86 Wyllie T. D., Morehouse L. G. Edited by Berlin: Marcel Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Joffe A. Z. 1986 Fusarium Species - Their Biology and Toxicology. New York:: John Wiley.;
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lim G. 1969; Fusarium wilt of marigolds. Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata 39:345–347
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Lim G. 1982; Some prevalent fungal diseases of cultivated plants in Singapore and their control. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference onPlant Protection in the Tropics pp 189–197 Varghese G. Edited by Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Plant Protection Society;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Liu P. S. 1977 A Supplement to a Host List of Plant Diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Marasas W.F.O., Wehner F. C., Van Rensburg S. J., Van Scalkwyk D. J. 1981; Mycoflora of corn produced in human esophageal cancer areas in Transkei, Southern Africa. Phytopathology 71:792–796
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Marasas W.F.O., Nelson P. E., Toussoun T. A. 1984 Toxigenic Fusarium Species: Identity and Mycotoxicology. University Park, USA:: Pennsylvania State University Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mirocha C. J., Pathre S. V., Schauerhamer B., Christensen C. M. 1976; Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32:553–556
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mirocha C. J., Pathre S. V., Christensen C. M. 1977; Zearalenone. In Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health pp 345–364 Rodricks J. V., Hesseltine C. W. Edited by Illinois: Pathotox Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mirocha C. J., Watson S., Hayes W. 1982; Occurrence of trichothecenes in samples from Southeast Asia associated with ‘yellow rain’. Proceedings of the 4th International IUPAC Symposium on Phytotoxins Vienna:1–3Sept. 1982 pp. 130–133
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Mirocha C. J., Pawlosky R. A., Chatterjee K., Watson S., Hayes W. 1983; Analysis of Fusarium toxins in various samples implicated in biological warfare in Southeast Asia. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 66:1485–1499
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Nelson P. E., Toussoun T. A., Marasas W.F.O. 1983 Fusarium Species: an Illustrated Manual for Identification. University Park, USA:: Pennsylvania State University Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Power J. B., Chapman J. V. 1985; Isolation, culture and genetic manipulation of plant protoplasts. In Plant Cell Culture: a Practical Approach pp 37–66 Dixon R. A. Edited by Oxford: IRL Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Robeson D. J., Strobel G. A. 1986; The influence of plant extracts on phytotoxin production and growth rate of Alternaria helianthi. Journal of Phytopathology 117:265–269
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Rosen R. T., Rosen J. D. 1982; Presence of four Fusariummycotoxins and synthetic material in ‘yellow rain’.Evidence for the use of chemical weapons in Laos. Biomedical Mass Spectrometry 9:443–450
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Salleh B., Sulaiman B. 1984; Fusaria associated with naturally diseased plants in Penang. Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 1:47–53
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Salleh B., Zunaidah A. 1984; Soil fusaria in Penang Island. In 7th Malaysian Microbiology Symposium18–20Nov 1984 Penang (abstracts) pp. 47–48
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Singh K. G. 1973 A Check-list of Host and Disease in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur:: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Publication no.132;
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Snyder A. P. 1986; Qualitative, quantitative and technological aspects of the trichothecenemycotoxins. Journal of Food Protection 49:544–569
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Strange R. N., Pippard D. J., Strobel G. A. 1982; A protoplast assay for phytotoxins produced by Phytophthora drechsleri. Physiological Plant Pathology 20:359–364
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tanaka T., Hasegawa A., Matsuki Y., Lee U., Ueno Y. 1986; A limited survey of Fusariummycotoxinsnivalenol, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in 1984 UK harvest wheat and barley. Food Additives and Contaminants 3:247–252
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Thanutong P., Furusawa I., Yamamoto M. 1983; Resistant tobacco plants from protoplasts derived from calluses, selected for their resistance to Pseudomonas and Alternaria toxins. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 66:209–215
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Thompson A., Johnston A. 1953 A Host List of Plant Diseases in Malaysia. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Turner G. J. 1971 Fungi and Plant Diseases in Sarawak. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.;
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Ueno Y. 1980; Trichothecene mycotoxins. In Advances in Nutritional Research 3 pp. 301–353 Draper H. H. Edited by New York: Plenum;
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Ueno Y. 1983; General toxicology. In Trichothecenes - Chemical, Biological and Toxicological Aspects pp. 135–146 Ueno Y. Edited by Amsterdam: Elsevier;
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Vesonder R. F., Ciegler A., Rogers R. F., Bursridge K. A., Bothast R. J., Jensen A. H. 1978; Survey of 1977 crop year preharvest com for vomitoxin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36:885–888
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Widholm J. M. 1972; The use of fluorescein diacetate and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technology 47:189–194
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Williams T. H., Liu P. S. 1976 A Host List of Plant Diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Kew, UK:: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Wollenweber H. W., Reinking O. A. 1935 Die Fusarien, ihreBeschreibung, Schwadwirkung und Kekampfung. Berlin:: Paul Parey.;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-3-841
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-3-841
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error