A toxic shock syndrome isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was grown in a chemostat, in a defined synthetic medium of six amino acids, glucose, two vitamins and salts. Steady states were achieved under limiting and replete Mg2+ conditions and at a range of relative specific growth rates. The biomass and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were estimated at each condition. Under Mg2- limitation the biomass and TSST-1 production rates were reduced compared to Mg2+ replete conditions. Optimal TSST-1 production occurred at 0.81 relative specific growth rate.
DavisJ. P.,
ChesneyJ.,
WandP. J.,
LaventureM.THE INVESTIGATION AND LABORATORY TEAM1980; Toxic-shock syndrome: epidemiologic features, recurrence, risk factors, and prevention. New England Journal of Medicine 303:1429–1435
EvansC.G.T.1976; The concept of relative growth rate. In Continuous Culture 6: Applications and New Fields pp. 346–348DeanA. C. R.,
EllwoodD. C.,
EvansC. G. T.,
MellingJ.
Edited by Chichester: Ellis Horwood;
GreenmanJ.,
HollandK. T.,
CunliffeW. J.1981; Effects of glucose concentration on biomass, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. Journal of General Microbiology 127:371–376
HollandK. T.,
InghamE.,
EadyE. A.,
GowlandG.1985; Toxic shock syndrome: the effect of solid phase materials on the physiology of Staphylococcus aureus. Postgraduate Medical Journal 61: (supplement 1) 39–43
InghamE.,
EadyE. A.,
HollandK. T.,
GowlandG.1985; Effects of tampon materials on the in-vitro physiology of a toxic shock syndrome strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology 20:87–95
MillsJ. T.,
ParsonnetJ.,
TsaiY.-C.,
KendrickM.,
HickmanR. K.,
KassE. H.1985; Control of production of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (TSST- 1) by magnesium ion. Journal of Infectious Diseases 151:1158–1161
MillsJ. T.,
DodelA. W.,
KassE. H.1986; Regulation of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and total exoprotein production by magnesium ion. Infection and Immunity 53:663–670
ParsonnetJ.,
HickmanR. K.,
EardleyD. D.,
PierG. B.1985; Induction of human interleukin-1 by toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1. Journal of Infectious Diseases 151:514–522
SchaechterM.,
MaaløeO.,
KjeldgaardN. O.1958; Dependency on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced growth of S. typhimurium. Journal of General Microbiology 19:592–606
SchlievertP. M.1983; Alteration of immune function by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C: possible role in toxic-shock syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 147:391–398
SchlievertP. M.1985; Effect of magnesium on production of toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 152:618–620
SchlievertP. M.,
BlomsterD. A.1983; Production of staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C: influence of physical and chemical factors. Journal of Infectious Diseases 147:236–242
SchlievertP. M.,
ShandsK. N.,
DanB. B.,
SchmidG. P.,
NishimuraR. D.1981; Identification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic-shock syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases 143:509–516
SchlievertP. M.,
BlomsterD. A.,
KellyJ. A.1984; Toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus: effect of tampons on toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 production. Obstetrics and Gynecology 64:666–671
ShandsK. N.,
SchmidG. P.,
DanB. B.,
BlumD.,
GuidottiR. J.,
HargrettN. T.,
AndersonR. L.,
HillD. L.,
BroomeC. V.,
BandJ. D.,
FraserD. W.1980; Toxic-shock syndrome in menstruating women: association with tampon use and Staphylococcus aurens and clinical features in 52 cases. New England Journal of Medicine 303:1436–1442
TempestD. W.1976; The concept of ‘relative’ growth rate: its theoretical basis and practical application. In Continuous Culture 6: Applications and New Fields pp. 349–353DeanA. C. R.,
EllwoodD. C.,
EvansC. G. T.,
MellingJ.
Edited by Chichester: Ellis Horwood;
WagnerG.,
BohrL.,
WagnerP.,
PetersenL. N.1984; Tampon-induced changes in vaginal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 148:147–150