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Forty-eight strains of Thermus isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyomming, USA, and eight reference strains were subjected to a numerical taxonomic analysis using Gower's coefficient (SG ) with single and average linkage clustering. Two major groups were distringuished, which could be differentiated by colony morphology, ability to reduce nitrate and proteolytic activity. Cluster 1 contained Thermus aquaticus YT-1, the type strain of the species, and cluster 2 contained authentic strains of ‘T. flavus’ and ‘T. thermophilus’. T. ruber was recovered as a single member cluster. The mol% G + C of DNA from representative strains from each cluster was 64·4 to 66·8 for cluster 1, 62·2 to 67·1 for cluster 2 and 62·5 for T. ruber.
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