A mutant stain, Brevibacterium 19, defective for the enzyme nitrile hydratase but retaining all the amidase activity of the wild-type Brevibacterium R312, was isolated. This is genetic evidence in favour of the hypothesis that all the nitrile-hydratase activity of the wild-type was due to a single enzyme, the structural gene of which was lost in the mutant strain 19.
The specific activities and Km of the nitrile hydratase were determined for 12 different substrates. The affinity of the enzyme increased as the number of hydrogen-bonding positions of the substrate increased, and decreased with more spatial crowding of the hydrocarbon chain. The specific activity of the enzyme for a substrate was enhanced by the nucleophilic and hydrophilic properties of the hydrocarbon side chain of that substrate.
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