1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: Of 25 isolates of α-haemolytic group D streptococci from the rumens of calves (Mann & Oxford, 1955), 7 produced intracellular iodophilic polysaccharide when grown aerobically or anaerobically in agar media containing starches of various origins, amylopectin, maltose, maltotriose, glycogen, amylose and amylopectin dextrins, or amylose glycollate. The iodophilic polysaccharide was not produced from glucose, sucrose, trehalose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, cellobiose or amylose. These results are discussed in the light of the amylolytic action of the bacteria and known enzymic mechanisms of starch-type polysaccharide formation.

In liquid media the polysaccharide was only produced from maltose when the cells were held at a pH value between 5 and 6, either by adjusting the reaction of the medium after the initial growth period, or by transferring the cells to a maltose solution buffered at the correct pH value and incubating further. Under the correct conditions polysaccharide formation was rapid. The polysaccharide was obtained in a partially purified form from the cells and appears to be unlike most ‘starches’ from bacteria so far reported. A possible explanation of the mode of development of an iodophilic reaction in streptococci in the rumen is given.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-13-3-420
1955-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/13/3/mic-13-3-420.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-13-3-420&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aubert J.P. 1951; Étude biochimique du rendement matériel de croissance d’une bacterie aérobie. Bacillus megatherium. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 80:644
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker F., Nasr H. 1947; Microscopy in the investigation of starch and cellulose breakdown in the digestive tract. J. R. Micr. Soc. 67:27
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker F., Nasr H., Morrice F., Bruce J. 1950; Bacterial breakdown of structural starches and starch products in the digestive tract of ruminant and non-ruminant animals. J. Path. Bact. 62:617
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bourne E.J., Donnison G.H., Haworth N., Peat S. 1948; Thymol and cyclohexanol as fractionating agents for starch. J. chem. Soc. p. 1687
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bourne E.J., Haworth N., Macey A., Peat S. 1948; The amylolytic degradation of starch.A revision of the hypothesis of sensitization. J. chem. Soc. p. 924
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Carlson A.S., Hehre E.J. 1949; Composition of the starch synthesized from glucose-1 phosphate by diphtheria bacilli. J. biol. Chem. 177:281
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Doudoroff M., Hassid W.Z., Putman E.W., Potter A.L., Lederberg J. 1949; Direct utilization of maltose by Escherichia coli. J. biol. Chem. 179:921
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fitting C., Doudoroff M. 1952; Phosphorolysis of maltose by enzyme preparations from Neisseria meningitidis. J. biol. Chem. 199:153
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gunsalus I.C., Umbreit W.W. 1945; The oxidation of glycerol by Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bact. 49:347
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Higginbottom C., Wheater D.W.F. 1954; The incidence of Streptococcus boms in cattle. J. agric. Sci. 44:434
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hobson P.N., Macpherson M.J. 1952; Amylases of Clostridium butyricumand a Streptococcus isolated from the rumen of the sheep. Biochem. J. 52:671
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hobson P.N., Macpherson M.J. 1954; Some serological and chemical studies on materials extracted from an amylolytic streptococcus from the rumen of the sheep. Biochem. J. 57:145
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hobson P.N., Nasr H. 1951; An amylopectin type polysaccharide synthesized from sucrose by Cl. butyricum. J. chem. Soc. p. 1855
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Hobson P.N., Pirt S.J., Whelan W.J., Peat S. 1951; The enzymic synthesis and degradation of starch. Part XIII. Improved methods for the fractionation of potato starch. J. chem. Soc. p. 801
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Klein W., Schmid H., Studt E. 1937; Die biologischen Vorgänge bei der Verwertung der Amide speziell der Molasseamide und des Stromeiweissesdurch den Wiederkäuer. Z. Zücht B39:135
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Maccready R.M., Hassid W.Z. 1944; The preparation and purification of glucose-1 phosphate by the aid of ion-exchange adsorbents. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 66:560
    [Google Scholar]
  17. McIlwain H. 1948; Preparation of cell free bacterial extracts with powdered alumina. J. gen. Microbiol. 2:288
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Macpherson M.J. 1953; Isolation and identification of amylolytic streptococci from the rumen of the sheep. J. Path. Bact. 66:95
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Mann S.O., Oxford A.E. 1955; Relationships between viable saccharolytic bacteria in rumen and abomasum of the young calf and kid. J. gen. Microbiol. 12:140
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Masson M.J. 1954; Microscopic studies of the gut flora of the hen with special reference to the breakdown of starches. 10th World’s Poultr. Congr., Edinburgh. Section Papers p. 105
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Meyer K.H., Bernfeld P. 1940; Recherches sur l’amidon, v. l’amylopectine. Helv. chim. acta 23:875
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Mickle H. 1948; Tissue disintegrator. J. R. Micr. Soc. 68:10
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Moir R.J., Masson M.J. 1952; An illustrated scheme for the microscopic identification of the rumen micro-organisms of the sheep. J. Path. Bact. 64:343
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Monod J., Torriani A. 1948; Synthèse d’un polysaccharide du type amidon aux dépens du maltose, en présence d’un extrait enzymatique d’origine bacterienne. C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 227:240
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Nasr H., Baker F. 1949; Microbial synthesis of iodophile polysaccharide by a Clostridium from the caecum of the pig. Nature; Lond.: 164745
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Nelson N. 1944; A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for the determination of glucose. J. biol. Chem. 153:375
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Nussenbaum S. 1951; Differentiation of amylopectin, amylodextrins, and amylose fatty acid complexes. A spot test. Analyt. Chem. 23:1478
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Oxford A.E. 1951; Conversion of certain soluble sugars to a glucosan by holotrich ciliates in the rumen of the sheep. J. gen. Microbiol. 5:83
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Peat S., Bourne E.J., Thrower R.D. 1947; A new indicator for iodometric analysis. Nature; Lond.: 159810
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pirt S.J., Whelan W.J. 1951; The determination of starch by acid hydrolysis. J. Sci. Fd Agric. p. 224
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Quin J.I. 1943; Studies on the alimentary tract of merino sheep in South Africa. VII. Fermentation in the forestomachs of sheep. Onderstepoort. J. vet. Sci. 18:91
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Smith J.A.B., Baker F. 1944; The utilization of urea in the bovine rumen. 4. The isolation of the synthesized material and the correlation between protein synthesis and microbial activities. Biochem. J. 38:496
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Somogyi M. 1952; Notes on sugar determination. J. biol. Chem. 195:19
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Van Der Wath J.G. 1948; Studies in the alimentary tract of merino sheep in South Africa. XI. Digestion and synthesis of starch by rumen bacteria. Onderstepoort J. vet. Sci. 23:367
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Whistler R.L., Durso D.F. 1950; Chromatographic separation of sugars on charcoal. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 72:677
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-13-3-420
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-13-3-420
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error