1887

Abstract

Glycerol and the solutes used to control the steady state osmotic potential of the medium, either glucose, glucose and fructose, or KC1, accumulated in the hyphae of and as the external potential was lowered. When the osmoticum was KC1, nearly all the observed hyphal osmotic potential of could be accounted for from the measured solute concentrations, but the proportion decreased when a glucose osmoticum was used, to 56% in the case of and to 65% for , when grown at an external potential of − 10 MPa. Higher polyols were present in considerable quantity in both species but did not appear to be involved in osmotic adjustment.

Potassium was the predominant cation in both species when grown on glucose, but chloride was insufficient to maintain electroneutrality. The potassium to sodium ratios were considerably higher in than , and inversely related to the external potential in the former species only.

Glycerol and glucose were present in greater amounts at the margin than in older parts of large colonies of . High turgor potentials were apparently maintained throughout these large colonies which meant that the observed osmotic potential could not be accounted for by the solutes measured in older parts of the colony.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-128-11-2563
1982-11-01
2024-03-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/128/11/mic-128-11-2563.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-128-11-2563&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adler L., Gustafsson L. 1980; Polyhydric alcohol production and intracellular amino acid pools in relation to halotolerance of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Archives of Microbiology 124:123–130
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allaway A. E., Jennings D. H. 1970a; The influence of cations on glucose uptake by the fungus Dendryphiella salina. New Phytologist 69:567–579
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Allaway A. E., Jennings D. H. 1970b; The influence of cations on glucose transport and metabolism by, and the loss of sugar alcohols from, the fungus Dendryphiella salina. New Phytologist 69:581–593
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Allaway A. E., Jennings D. H. 1971; The effect of cations on glucose utilization by, and on the growth of, the fungus Dendryphiella salina. New Phytologist 70:511–518
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ballio A., Di Vittorio V., Russi S. 1964; The isolation of trehalose and polyols from the conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 107:177–183
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown A. D. 1978; Compatible solutes and extreme water stress in eukaryotic micro-organisms. Advances in Microbial Physiology 17:181–242
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Cochrane V. W. 1958 Physiology of Fungi New York: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cooke R., Kuntz I. D. 1974; The properties of water in biological systems. Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering 3:95–126
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Craigie J. S. 1969; Some salinity-induced changes in growth, pigments, and cyclohexanetetrol content of Monochrysis lutheri. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26:2959–2967
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Curtis F. C., Lewis D. H., Cooke R. C. 1980; Distribution of a pentitol in Mucorales. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 74:421–423
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Davidson D. E. 1971 The effect of salinity on a marine and a freshwater Ascomycete Ph.D. thesis Duke University, North Carolina, U.S.A:
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Galpin M. F. J., Jennings D. H., Oates K., Hobot J. A. 1978; Localization by X-ray microanalysis of soluble ions, particularly potassium and sodium, in fungal hyphae. Experimental Mycology 2:258–269
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gimmler H., Schirling R. 1978; Cation permeability of the plasmalemma of the halotolerant alga Dunaliella parva. II. Cation content and glycerol concentration of the cells as dependent upon external NaCl concentration. Zeitschrift für Pflanzen-physiologie 87:435–444
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Greenway H., Munns R. 1980; Mechanism of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31:149–190
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Griffin D. M. 1981; Water and microbial stress. Advances in Microbial Ecology 5:91–136
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gutknecht J., Hastings D. F., Bisson M. A. 1978; Ion transport and turgor pressure regulation in giant algal cells. In Membrane Transport in Biology III pp. 125–174 Giebisch G., Tosteson D. C., Ussing H. H. Edited by Berlin: Springer-Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hellebust J. A. 1976; Osmoregulation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 27:485–505
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Holligan P. M., Drew E. A. 1971; Routine analysis by gas-liquid chromatography of soluble carbohydrates in extracts of plant tissues. II. Quantitative analysis of standard carbohydrates, and the separation and estimation of soluble sugars and polyols from a variety of plant tissues. New Phytologist 70:271–297
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Holligan P. M., Jennings D. H. 1972a; Carbohydrate metabolism in the fungus Dendryphiellasalina. I. Changes in the levels of soluble carbohydrates during growth. New Phytologist 71:569–582
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Holligan P. M., Jennings D. H. 1972b; Carbohydrate metabolism in the fungus Dendryphiella salina. II. The influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the accumulation of mannitol and arabitol. New Phytologist 71:583–594
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Holligan P. M., Jennings D. H. 1972c; Carbohydrate metabolism in the fungus Dendryphiellasalina. III. The effect of the nitrogen source on the metabolism of (1-14C]- and (6-14C]-glucose. New Phytologist 71:1119–1133
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Jennings D. H. 1979; Membrane transport and hyphal growth. In Fungal Walls and Hyphal Growth pp. 279–294 Burnett J. H., Trinci A. P. J. Edited by Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kauss H. 1973; Turnover of galactosylglycerol and osmotic balance in Ochromonas. Plant Physiology 52:613–615
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kirst G. O. 1977; Ion composition of unicellular marine and fresh-water algae, with special reference to Platymonas subcordiformis cultivated in media with different osmotic strengths. Oecologia 28:177–189
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lewis D. H., Smith D. C. 1967; Sugar alcohols (polyols) in fungi and green plants. I. Distribution, physiology and metabolism. New Phytologist 66:143–184
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Luard E. J. 1980 Water relations of fungi with particular reference to xerophytic species Ph.D. Thesis Australian National University;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Luard E. J. 1982; Effect of osmotic shock on some intracellular solutes in two filamentous fungi. Journal of General Microbiology 128:2575–2581
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Luard E. J., Griffin D. M. 1981; Effect of water potential on fungal growth and turgor. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 76:33–40
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Norkrans B., Kylin A. 1969; Regulation of the potassium to sodium ratio and of the osmotic potential in relation to salt tolerance in yeasts. Journal of Bacteriology 100:836–845
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Norrish R. S. 1966; An equation for the activity coefficients and equilibrium relative humidities of water in confectionary syrups. Journal of Food Technology 1:25–39
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Pfyffer G. E., Rast D. M. 1980; The polyol pattern of some fungi not hitherto investigated for sugar alcohols. Experimental Mycology 4:160–170
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Robinson R. A., Stokes R. H. 1955 Electrolyte Solutions New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Robyt J. F. 1975; Paper chromatographic solvent for the separation of sugars and alditols. Carbohydrate Research 40:373–374
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Rodriguez-Navarro A. 1971; Inhibition by sodium and lithium inosmophilic yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 37:225–231
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Scatchard G., Hamer W. J., Wood S. E. 1938; Isotonic solutions. I. The chemical potential of water in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sulfuric acid, sucrose, urea and glycerol at 25°. Journal of the American Chemical Society 60:3061–3070
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schobert B. 1977; Is there an osmotic regulatory mechanism in algae and higher plants?. Journal of Theoretical Biology 68:17–26
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Shere S. M., Jacobson L. 1970; Mineral uptake in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.vasinfectum. Physiologia plantarum 23:51–62
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Slayman C. W., Tatum E. L. 1964; Potassium transport in Neurospora. I. Intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations, and cation requirements for growth. Biochimica et biophysica acta 88:578–592
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-128-11-2563
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-128-11-2563
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error