Characterization of Polysaccharide Accumulations in a Cell Division Defective Mutant of 15T Free

Abstract

15TR, a temperature-dependent cell division mutant, grows into filaments of various lengths (200 to 500 µm) at 24 °C, but divides essentially normally at 37 °C. When grown to late-exponential phase at the restrictive temperature, the elongated cells showed discrete areas of increased density at polar regions and other sites in the cytoplasm, when viewed by phase contrast microscopy. Electron microscopy of preparations specifically stained for polysaccharide revealed clusters of granules with a similar distribution pattern to that of the dense areas seen by phase contrast microscopy. The granules were susceptible to α-amylase digestion, and chemical analysis of the extracted and purified polysaccharide showed that it consisted of polyglucose, including glycogen. At 24 °C the R cells contained about twice as much polyglucose and four times as much glycogen as at 37 °C.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-123-2-323
1981-04-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/123/2/mic-123-2-323.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-123-2-323&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Archibald A.R., Fleming I.D., Liddle A.M., Manners D.J., Mercer G.A., Wright A. 1961; αl,4-glucosans. Part XI. The absorption spectra of glycogen- and amylopectin-iodine complexes. Journal of the Chemical Society I:1183–1190
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Behme R.J., Fitz-James P.C. 1972; Temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis that accumulates membrane-associated protein inclusions. Journal of Bacteriology 109:906–915
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Boylen C.W., Pate J.L. 1973; Fine structure of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes during long-term starvation of rod and spherical stage cells. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 19:1–5
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Burdon K.L. 1946; Fatty material in bacteria and fungi revealed by staining dried, fixed slide preparations. Journal of Bacteriology 52:665–680
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cedergren B., Holme T. 1959; On the glycogen in Escherichia coli B; electron microscopy of ultra thin sections of cells. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 3:70–73
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Cheng K.J., Hironaka R., Roberts D.W.A., Costerton J.W. 1973; Cytoplasmic glycogen inclusions in cells of anaerobic gram-negative rumen bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 19:1501–1506
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Craig A.S., Williamson K.I. 1972; Three inclusions of rhizobial bacteroids and their cytochemical character. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 87:165–171
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dietzler D.N., Leckie M.P., Lais C.J. 1973; Rates of glycogen synthesis and the cellular levels of ATP and FDP during exponential growth and the nitrogen limited stationary phase of Escherichia coli WA4597 (K). Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 156:684–693
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dipersio J.R., Deal S.J. 1974; Identification of intracellular polysaccharide granules in thin sections of Nocardia asteroides . Journal of General Microbiology 83:349–358
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dipersio J.R., Mattingly S.T., Higgins M.L., Shockman G.D. 1974; Measurement of intracellular iodophilic polysaccharide in two cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans by cytochemical and chemical methods. Infection and Immunity 10:597–604
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Drochmans P. 1962; Morphologie du glycogène: etude au microscope électronique de colorations negatives du glycogéne particulaire. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 6:141–163
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Glauert A.M. 1965; Section staining, cytology, autoradiography and immunochemistry. In Techniques for Electron Microscopy p. 259 Edited by Kay D.H. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Holme T., Cedergren B. 1961; Demonstration of intracellular polysaccharide in Escherichia coli by electron microscopy and by cytochemical methods. Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica 51:170–186
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jensen T.E. 1968; Electron microscopy of polyphosphate bodies in a blue-green alga, Nostoc pruniforme . Archiv für Mikrobiologie 62:144–152
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Khandelwal R.L., Spearman T.N., Hamilton I.R. 1972; Isolation and characterization of glycogen from Streptococcus salivarius . Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 50:441–442
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Krebs E.G., Preiss J. 1975; Regulatory mechanisms in glycogen metabolism. In Biochemistry of Carbohydrates MTP International Review of Science 5 pp. 337–390 Edited by Whelan W.J. London: Butterworths;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Leduc E.H., Bernhard W. 1967; Recent modifications of the glycol methacrylate embedding procedure. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 19:196–199
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Leduc E.H., Marinozzi V., Bernhard W. 1963; The use of water-soluble glycol methacrylate in ultrastructural cytochemistry. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 81:119–130
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Lindner J.G.E.M., Marcelis J.H., De Vos N.M., Hoogkamp-Korstanje J.A.A. 1979; Intracellular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis . Journal of General Microbiology 111:93–99
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Marshall J.J., Whelan W.J. 1970; Incomplete conversion of glycogen and starch by crystalline amyloglucosidase and its importance in the determination of amyloceous polymers. FEBS Letters 9:85–88
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Monneron A., Bernhard W. 1966; Action de certaines enzymes sur des tissus inclus en epon. Journal de microscopie 5:697–714
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Moses V. 1978; Compartmentation of glycolysis in Escherichia coli . In Microenvironments and Metabolic Compartmentation pp. 169–186 Edited by Srere P.A., Estabrook R.W. New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Norris J.R., Swain H. 1971; Staining bacteria. Methods in Microbiology 5A:125
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Pearse A.G.E. 1961 Histochemistry, Theoretical and Applied, 2nd edn. p. 233 Boston: Litle Brown and Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Petitprez A., Derieux J.C. 1970; Mise en evidence de polysaccharides sur quelques types de bacteries. Journal de microscopie 9:263–272
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Preiss J., Greenberg J.E., Sabraw A. 1975; Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen: genetic studies of a glucose/PO4 adenyltransferase from a glycogen deficient mutant of Escherichia coli B. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250:7631–7638
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Pritchard R.H., Lark K.G. 1964; Induction of replication by thymine starvation at the chromosome origin in Escherichia coli . Journal of Molecular Biology 9:289
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Reissig M., Orrell S. 1970; A technique for electron microscopy of protein-free particle suspensions by the negative staining method. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 32:107–117
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Reynolds E.S. 1963; The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. Journal of Cell Biology 17:208–212
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Robertson J.G., Lyttleton P., Williamson K.I., Batt R.D. 1975; The effect of fixation procedures on the electron density of polysaccharide granules in Nocardia corallina . Journal of Ultrastructure Research 50:321–332
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Rosati G. 1967; Enzyme treatment of glycogen particles in rat liver and muscle. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 18:444–455
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Ruthman A. 1970 In Methods in Cell Research p. 148 Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Saukkonen J.J. 1968; Biosynthesis of macromolecular components in a temperature-dependent cell-division defective mutant of E. coli vol. 15,T- . Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 21: Suppl. 101, 11
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Schachtele C.F., Rogers P. 1968; Mechanism of canavanine death in Escherichia coli I. Effect of canavanine on macromolecular synthesis. Journal of Molecular Biology 34:843–860
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Schaechter M., Williamson T.P., Hood T., Koch A.L. 1962; Growth, cell and nuclear division in some bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 29:421–434
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Schoemaker J.M., Schoemaker P.J.H., Saukkonen J.J. 1981; Polysaccharide accumulation in the cell division defective mutant, Escherichia coli 15,T . Microbios in the Press
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Shively J.M. 1974; Inclusion bodies of procaryotes. Annual Review of Microbiology 28:167–187
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sigal N., Cattaneo J., Segel I.H. 1964; Glycogen accumulation by wild type and uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase-negative strains of Escherichia coli . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 108:440–451
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Steiner K.E., Preiss J. 1977; Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen: genetic and allosteric regulation of glycogen biosynthesis in Salmonella . Journal of Bacteriology 129:246–253
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Thiery J.P. 1967; Mise en évidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie électronique. Journal de microscopie 6:987–1017
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Thomas P., Cattaneo J. 1971; Etude ultrastructurale et chimique des polyglucosides cytoplasmiques synthetises par des mutants d’Escherichia coli K12. Journal de microscopie 12:349–362
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Thornell L.E., Sjostrom M., Karlsson U., Cedergren E. 1977; Variable opacity of glycogen in routine electron micrographs. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 25:1069–1073
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Toralballa G.C., Eitingon M. 1967; Action of urea and certain amide reagents on crystalline porcine pancreatic amylase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 119:519–525
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Tsien H.C., Schmidt E.L. 1977; Polarity in the exponential-phase Rhizobium japonicum cell. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23:1274–1284
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Vasquez-Nin G., Bernhard W. 1971; Comparative ultrastructural study of perichromatin and Balbiani ring granules. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 36:842–860
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Vye M.V., Fischman D.A. 1971; A comparative study of three methods for the ultrastructural demonstration of glycogen in thin sections. Journal of Cell Science 9:727–749
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Ward J.B., Glaser L. 1969; Turnover of UDP-sugars in E. coli mutants with altered UDP-sugar hydrolase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 134:612–622
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Zweig G., Sherma J. 1972 In CRC Handbook of Chromatography II p. 125 Edited by Zweig G., Sherma J. Cleveland: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-123-2-323
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-123-2-323
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed