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SUMMARY: Ten out of thirteen isolates of Gram-positive rods from the rumens of young calves proved to be catalase-negative and were further studied by methods suitable for lactobacilli. Four isolates from two calves, one of which was aureomycin-fed, proved to be Lactobacillus brevis Three isolates from a very young calf not fed aureomycin were provisionally identified as an anaerobic variant of L. lactis. The remaining three isolates obtained from an aureomycin-fed calf were all motile, homofermentative and mannitol-fermenting, and could not be identified with any known species of Lactobacillus; this organism produced a mixture of dextrorotatory and inactive lactic acid from glucose. The fermentation reactions of all the presumed lactobacilli isolated in this study were clear-cut and reproducible.
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