The Structure of the Exosporium of a Pigmented Clostridium

References

1. Amos L.A. 1974; Image analysis of macromolecular structures. Journal of Microscopy 100:143–152
   [Google Scholar]
2. Beaman T.C., Pankratz H.S., Gerhardt P. 1971; Paracrystalline sheets reaggregated from solubilized exosporium of Bacillus cereus. Journal of Bacteriology 107:320–324
   [Google Scholar]
3. Crowther R.A., De Rosier D.J., Klug A. 1970; The reconstruction of a three-dimensional structure from its projections and its application to electron microscopy. Proceedings of the Royal Society A317:319–340
   [Google Scholar]
4. Gerhardt P., Ribi E. 1964; Ultrastructure of the exosporium enveloping spores of Bacillus cereus. Journal of Bacteriology 88:1774–1789
   [Google Scholar]
5. Gerhardt P., Pankratz H.S., Scherrer R. 1976; Fine structure of the Bacillus thuringiensis spore. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32:438–440
   [Google Scholar]
6. Glauert A.M. 1974; Fixation, dehydration and embedding of biological specimens. In Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy 3 pp. 1–201 Edited by Glauert A. M. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.;
   [Google Scholar]
7. Hirsch A., Grinsted E. 1954; Methods for the growth and enumeration of anaerobic spore-formers from cheese, with observations of the effect of nisin. Journal of Dairy Research 21:101–110
   [Google Scholar]
8. Hodgkiss W., Ordal Z.J., Cann D.C. 1967; The morphology and ultrastructure of the spore and exosporium of some Clostridium species. Journal of General Microbiology 47:213–225
   [Google Scholar]
9. Holt S.C., Leadbetter E.R. 1969; Comparative ultrastructure of selected aerobic sporeforming bacteria: a freeze-etching study. Bacteriological Reviews 33:346–378
   [Google Scholar]
10. Horne R.W. 1977; Optical diffraction analysis of periodically repeating biological structures. In Analytical and Quantitative Methods in Microscopy Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series no. 3 pp. 29–53 Edited by Meek G. A., Elder H. Y. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Horne R.W., Markham R. 1973; Application of optical diffraction and image reconstruction techniques to electron micrographs. In Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy 1 pp. 327–444 Edited by Glauert A. M. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.;
    [Google Scholar]
12. Horne R.W., Pasquali-Ronchetti I. 1974; A negative staining-carbon film technique for studying viruses in the electron microscope.T. Preparative procedures for examining icosahedrai and filamentous viruses. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 47:361–383
    [Google Scholar]
13. Luft J.H. 1961; Improvements in epoxyresin embedding methods. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 9:409–414
    [Google Scholar]
14. Lund B.M. 1972; Isolation of pectolytic Clostridia from potatoes. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 35:609–614
    [Google Scholar]
15. Lund B.M., Brocklehurst T.F. 1978; Pectic enzymes of pigmented strains of Clostridium. Journal of General Microbiology 104:59–66
    [Google Scholar]
16. Mackey B.M., Morris J.G. 1972; The exosporium of Clostridium pasteurianum. Journal of General Microbiology 73:325–338
    [Google Scholar]
17. Millonig G. 1961; A modified procedure for lead staining of thin sections. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 111:736–739
    [Google Scholar]
18. Pope L., Yolton D.P., Rode L.J. 1967; Appendages of Clostridium bifermentans spores. Journal of Bacteriology 94:1206–1215
    [Google Scholar]
19. Roberts K., Hills G.J. 1976; The crystalline glycoprotein cell wall of the green alga Chlorogonium elongatum: a structural analysis. Journal of Cell Science 21:59–71
    [Google Scholar]
20. Scherrer P.S., Somerville H.J. 1977; Membrane fractions from the outer layers of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis with toxicity to lepidopterous larvae. European Journal of Biochemistry 72:479–490
    [Google Scholar]
21. Short J.A., Walker P.D., Thomson R.O., Somerville H.J. 1974; The fine structure of Bacillus finitimus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores with special reference to the location of the crystal antigen. Journal of General Microbiology 84:261–276
    [Google Scholar]
22. Sleytr V.B., Glauert A.M. 1976; Ultrastructure of the cell walls of two closely related Clostridia that possess different regular arrays of surface subunits. Journal of Bacteriology 126:869–882
    [Google Scholar]
23. Stevenson K.E., Vaughn R.H. 1972; Variability of ultrastructure of Clostridium hotulinum spores. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 18:1717–1719
    [Google Scholar]
24. Tipper D.J., Gauthier J.J. 1972; Structure of the bacterial endospore. In Spores V pp. 3–12 Edited by Halvorson H. O., Hanson R., Campbell L. L. Washington, D. C.: American Society for Microbiology.;
    [Google Scholar]
25. Unwin P.N.T., Henderson R. 1975; Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. Journal of Molecular Biology 94:425–440
    [Google Scholar]
26. Walker P.D., Short J.A., Roper G., Hodgkiss W. 1976; The structure of clostridial spores. In Microbial Ultrastructure. The Use of the Electron Microscope pp. 117–146 Edited by Fuller R., Lovelock D. W. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
27. Watson M.L. 1958; Staining of tissue sections for electron microscopy with heavy metals. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 4:475–485
    [Google Scholar]
28. Wrigley N.G. 1968; The lattice spacing of crystalline catalase as an internal standard of length in electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 24:454
    [Google Scholar]