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Volume 12, Issue 1

Unravelling the genomic landscape of Canadian : a comparison across global strains Open Access

Abstract

The main agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in North America, the bacteria , is spreading in Canada following the northward expansion of its primary tick vectors, and . Despite the importance of this pathogen for human health, the precise geographical origin and genome structure of Canadian strains remain to be determined, and no complete genome sequence from this region is available. The complex genome structure of species makes their assembly challenging, but the latest long-read sequencing technologies and bioinformatics software now enable assembly of genomes with high efficacy. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of six Canadian strains to compare their content and structure to additional genomes from the USA and Europe. We successfully reconstructed the genome, comprising chromosomes and plasmids of the six Canadian strains. These genomes showed an overall similar structure compared to other strains. Phylogenetic inferences highlighted topological differences in the placement of strains between the chromosome and the cp26 and lp54 plasmids. Synteny analyses revealed important replicon sequence conservation across strains while highlighting a high proportion of shared gene sequences among the replicons of the same strain, especially for cp32 plasmids. We describe the first complete genomes of Canadian strains and present a strategy for the assembly, annotation, comparative analysis of plasmids and their evolution in the same bacterial genus. While the genome content and structure of Canadian strains are similar to other strains, the information in the plasmids and genes they harbour will be useful to elucidate the origins and evolution of LB in Canada.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Borrelia , comparative genomics , genome assembly , hybrid assembly , long reads and synteny
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Caron Thorburn Institute
    • Principal Award Recipient: AnthonyPiot
  • G. Magnotta Foundation for Vector-Borne Diseases
    • Principal Award Recipient: AnthonyPiot
  • Génome Québec
    • Principal Award Recipient: AnthonyPiot
© 2025 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2026-01-14

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Unravelling the genomic landscape of Canadian Borrelia burgdorferi: a comparison across global strains
M Gen 12, 001606 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001606
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001606
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001606
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