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Microbial Genomics logo Microbial Genomics

Volume 11, Issue 11

Comparative genomics of ‘’ reveals an emerging, diverse pathogen Open Access

Abstract

We report the presence of the emerging plant pathogen ‘’ in Australia through a comprehensive analysis of five historical isolates and all publicly available genomes of the species. Using comparative genomics, we characterized four isolates collected from spp. and one from . Our findings show that the isolates form a distinct phylogroup with the pathotype strain of ‘’ pv. . This group possesses genes for the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and effectors, a variety of genes unique within the species, and nine genomic islands associated with virulence and drug resistance. In contrast, the isolate is genetically distinct and lacks the T3SS but contains its own genes unique within the species. Hypersensitivity response assays confirmed the pathogenic potential of all five isolates in black bean, eggplant, green bean, tomato, sunflower, zinnia and zucchini plants. These results highlight the genetic diversity and evolving threat of this pathogen in Australia, underscoring the critical need for ongoing biosecurity surveillance.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): bioinformatics , biosecurity , genomic islands , pathogen , phylogenetics , type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and Xanthomonas
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Grains Research and Development Corporation (Award 9177866)
    • Principal Award Recipient: ToniA. Chapman
  • Australian Research Council (Award LP180100593)
    • Principal Award Recipient: DanielJ. E. McKnight
© 2025 Crown Copyright
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2025-12-09

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Comparative genomics of ‘Xanthomonas cannabis’ reveals an emerging, diverse pathogen
M Gen 11, 001588 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001588
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