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Volume 11, Issue 7

Large-scale global molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance determinants in Open Access

Abstract

is a leading pathogen in terms of deaths attributable to or associated with antimicrobial resistance globally. Thus, monitoring antibiotic resistance determinants constitutes a key aspect of surveillance efforts for this microbe. Leveraging publicly available whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, we aimed to investigate the presence and distribution patterns of antibiotic resistance determinants in with a focus on multidrug resistance (MDR) and serotype distribution. Metadata and genomes were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pathogen Detection database. Curation and harmonization were performed in R and SPSS. Data on resistance patterns were defined according to AMRFinderPlus, and a combination of prediction tools was employed for serotyping. Analyses involved 75,161 genomes totalling 122,673 gene/allele counts from 14 antibiotic classes. MDR was observed in 16.7% of isolates, with the highest increasing rates in Asia and South America. Within antibiotic classes, an increase in macrolide resistance genes was highlighted, particularly in the proportion of genomes presenting )/). Over a third of isolates with serotypes 19F, 23F, 15A, 6B and 19A showed MDR. We further observed the highest significant increases in the presence of resistance in 33F, 22F, 10A and 23A. Serotype 13, not included in any vaccine formulation, presented high MDR rates with a strong increasing trend. The findings of this study highlight variations in resistance determinants globally and across serotypes over time. Collectively, these data underscore the added value of utilizing public WGS data to investigate the effectiveness and repercussions of treatment and vaccination strategies on managing antibiotic resistance.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): antimicrobial resistance , macrolides , molecular epidemiology , multiple drug resistance , Streptococcus pneumoniae , surveillance and whole-genome sequencing
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Universitetet i Oslo
    • Principle Award Recipient: RogerJunges
  • UNIFOR
    • Principle Award Recipient: RogerJunges
© 2025 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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Large-scale global molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance determinants in Streptococcus pneumoniae
M Gen 11, 001444 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001444
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