1887

Abstract

Several authors have attributed the explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis that occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1965 to a toxigenic strain of serogroup O37 based on unverified metadata associated with three particular strains from the American Type Culture Collection. Here, by sequencing the original strain preserved at the Czech National Collection of Type Cultures since 1966, we show that the strain responsible for this outbreak was actually a O5 that lacks the genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus protein and pathogenicity islands present in O37 strains.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (Award ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Francois-XavierWeill
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001282
2024-09-05
2024-10-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/mgen/10/9/mgen001282.html?itemId=/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001282&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Shimada T, Arakawa E, Itoh K, Okitsu T, Matsushima A et al. Extended serotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae. Curr Microbiol 1994; 28:175–178 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Shimada T, Sakazaki R. Additional serovars and inter-O antigenic relationships of Vibrio cholerae. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1977; 30:275–277 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Clemens JD, Nair GB, Ahmed T, Qadri F, Holmgren J. Cholera. The Lancet 2017; 390:1539–1549 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Aldová E, Láznicková K, Stĕpánková E, Lietava J. Isolation of nonagglutinable vibrios from an enteritis outbreak in Czechoslovakia. J Infect Dis 1968; 118:25–31 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Cheasty T, Saif B, Threlfall E. V cholerae non-01: implications for man?. The Lancet 1999; 354:89–90 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Rahaman MH, Islam T, Colwell RR, Alam M. Molecular tools in understanding the evolution of Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1040 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Karaolis DK, Johnson JA, Bailey CC, Boedeker EC, Kaper JB et al. A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3134–3139 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Stine OC, Sozhamannan S, Gou Q, Zheng S, Morris JG Jr et al. Phylogeny of Vibrio cholerae based on recA sequence. Infect Immun 2000; 68:7180–7185 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Octavia S, Salim A, Kurniawan J, Lam C, Leung Q et al. Population structure and evolution of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae by multilocus sequence typing. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65342 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dorman MJ, Thomson NR. Vibrio cholerae O37: one of the exceptions that prove the rule. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen000980 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Felsenfeld O, Stegherr-Barrios A, Aldová E, Holmes J, Parrott MW. In vitro and in vivo studies of streptomycin-dependent cholera vibrios. Appl Microbiol 1970; 19:463–469 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters Version 14.0; 2024 http://www.eucast.org
  13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria; Approved Guideline. 3rd (M45Ed3E) Wayne (PA):the Institute:
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kolmogorov M, Yuan J, Lin Y, Pevzner PA. Assembly of long, error-prone reads using repeat graphs. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:540–546 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Wick RR, Holt KE. Polypolish: short-read polishing of long-read bacterial genome assemblies. PLOS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009802 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 1990; 215:403–410 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Murase K, Arakawa E, Izumiya H, Iguchi A, Takemura T et al. Genomic dissection of the Vibrio cholerae O-serogroup global reference strains: reassessing our view of diversity and plasticity between two chromosomes. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000860 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Weill F-X, Domman D, Njamkepo E, Tarr C, Rauzier J et al. Genomic history of the seventh pandemic of cholera in Africa. Science 2017; 358:785–789 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Bortolaia V, Kaas RS, Ruppe E, Roberts MC, Schwarz S et al. ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:3491–3500 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Carattoli A, Zankari E, García-Fernández A, Voldby Larsen M, Lund O et al. In Silico detection and typing of plasmids using plasmidfinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3895–3903 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Weill F-X, Domman D, Njamkepo E, Almesbahi AA, Naji M et al. Genomic insights into the 2016–2017 cholera epidemic in Yemen. Nature 2019; 565:230–233 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Dorman MJ, Domman D, Poklepovich T, Tolley C, Zolezzi G et al. Genomics of the argentinian cholera epidemic elucidate the contrasting dynamics of epidemic and endemic Vibrio cholerae. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4918 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Drebes Dörr NC, Proutière A, Jaskólska M, Stutzmann S, Bader L et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism determines constitutive versus inducible type VI secretion in Vibrio cholerae. ISME J 2022; 16:1868–1872 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Minh BQ, Schmidt HA, Chernomor O, Schrempf D, Woodhams MD et al. IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1530–1534 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Letunic I, Bork P. Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:W293–W296 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sakazaki R, Gomez CZ, Sebald M. Taxonomical studies of the so-called NAG Vibrios. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1967; 20:265–280 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sakazaki R, Tamura K, Gomez CZ, Sen R. Serological studies on the cholera group of vibrios. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1970; 23:13–20 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Boyd EF, Waldor MK. Evolutionary and functional analyses of variants of the toxin-coregulated pilus protein TcpA from toxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates. Microbiology 2002; 148:1655–1666 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Chun J, Huq A, Colwell RR. Analysis of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2202–2208 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. World Health Organization Outbreak of gastro-enteritis by non agglutinable (NAG) vibrios = épidémie de gastro-entérite due a des vibrions non agglutinables. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1969; 44:10
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Chun J, Grim CJ, Hasan NA, Lee JH, Choi SY et al. Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:15442–15447 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hounmanou YMG, Sit B, Fakoya B, Waldor MK, Dalsgaard A. Genomic and phenotypic insights for toxigenic clinical Vibrio cholerae O141. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:617–624 [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Domman D, Quilici M-L, Dorman MJ, Njamkepo E, Mutreja A et al. Integrated view of Vibrio cholerae in the Americas. Science 2017; 358:789–793 [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001282
Loading
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.001282
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

EXCEL
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error