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Volume 9, Issue 2

One to host them all: genomics of the diverse bacterial endosymbionts of the spider Open Access

Abstract

Bacterial endosymbionts of the groups , and are well known for their diverse effects on their arthropod hosts, ranging from mutualistic relationships to reproductive phenotypes. Here, we analysed a unique system in which the dwarf spider is co-infected with up to five different endosymbionts affiliated with , ‘ Tisiphia’ (formerly Torix group ), and . Using short-read genome sequencing data, we show that the endosymbionts are heterogeneously distributed among populations and are frequently found co-infecting spider individuals. To study this intricate host–endosymbiont system on a genome-resolved level, we used long-read sequencing to reconstruct closed genomes of the , ‘. Tisiphia’ and endosymbionts. We provide insights into the ecology and evolution of the endosymbionts and shed light on the interactions with their spider host. We detected high quantities of transposable elements in all endosymbiont genomes and provide evidence that ancestors of the , ‘. Tisiphia’ and endosymbionts have co-infected the same hosts in the past. Our findings contribute to broadening our knowledge about endosymbionts infecting one of the largest animal phyla on Earth and show the usefulness of transposable elements as an evolutionary ‘contact-tracing’ tool.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): comparative genomics , host–symbiont interaction , mobile elements and spider endosymbionts
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Award 1527617N)
    • Principle Award Recipient: FrederikHendrickx
  • Universität Wien (Award uni:docs)
    • Principle Award Recipient: TamaraHalter
  • Austrian Science Fund (Award DOC 69-B)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MatthiasHorn
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Award 840270)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AlejandroManzano-Marín
© 2023 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2024-12-02
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One to host them all: genomics of the diverse bacterial endosymbionts of the spider Oedothorax gibbosus
M Gen 9, 000943 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000943
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