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Volume 8, Issue 5

Impacts of restriction-modification systems on pan-epigenome dynamics and genome plasticity Open Access

Abstract

DNA methylations play an important role in the biology of bacteria. Often associated with restriction modification (RM) systems, they are important drivers of bacterial evolution interfering in horizontal gene transfer events by providing a defence against foreign DNA invasion or by favouring genetic transfer through production of recombinogenic DNA ends. Little is known regarding the methylome of the genus, which encompasses several pathogenic species with small genomes. Here, genome-wide detection of DNA methylations was conducted using single molecule real-time (SMRT) and bisulphite sequencing in several strains of , an important ruminant pathogen and a model organism. Combined with whole-genome analysis, this allowed the identification of 19 methylated motifs associated with three orphan methyltransferases (MTases) and eight RM systems. All systems had a homolog in at least one phylogenetically distinct spp. Our study also revealed that several superimposed genetic events may participate in the dynamic epigenomic landscape. These included (i) DNA shuffling and frameshift mutations that affect the MTase and restriction endonuclease content of a clonal population and (ii) gene duplication, erosion, and horizontal transfer that modulate MTase and RM repertoires of the species. Some of these systems were experimentally shown to play a major role in mycoplasma conjugative, horizontal DNA transfer. While the versatility of DNA methylation may contribute to regulating essential biological functions at cell and population levels, RM systems may be key in mycoplasma genome evolution and adaptation by controlling horizontal gene transfers.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): DNA methylation , epigenome , horizontal gene transfer , methylome , Mycoplasma and restriction-modification system
© 2022 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2022-05-16
2024-04-25
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Impacts of Mycoplasma agalactiae restriction-modification systems on pan-epigenome dynamics and genome plasticity
M Gen 8, 000829 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000829
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