RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Marre, Sophie A1 Gasc, Cyrielle A1 Forest, Camille A1 Lebbaoui, Yacine A1 Mosoni, Pascale A1 Peyret, PierreYR 2021 T1 Revealing microbial species diversity using sequence capture by hybridization JF Microbial Genomics, VO 7 IS 12 OP SP 000714 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000714 PB Microbiology Society, SN 2057-5858, AB Targeting small parts of the 16S rDNA phylogenetic marker by metabarcoding reveals microorganisms of interest but cannot achieve a taxonomic resolution at the species level, precluding further precise characterizations. To identify species behind operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of interest, even in the rare biosphere, we developed an innovative strategy using gene capture by hybridization. From three OTU sequences detected upon polyphenol supplementation and belonging to the rare biosphere of the human gut microbiota, we revealed 59 nearly full-length 16S rRNA genes, highlighting high bacterial diversity hidden behind OTUs while evidencing novel taxa. Inside each OTU, revealed 16S rDNA sequences could be highly distant from each other with similarities down to 85 %. We identified one new family belonging to the order Clostridiales , 39 new genera and 52 novel species. Related bacteria potentially involved in polyphenol degradation have also been identified through genome mining and our results suggest that the human gut microbiota could be much more diverse than previously thought., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000714