1887

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Volume 7, Issue 10

Genome and Methylome analysis of a phylogenetic novel cluster with introgression Open Access

Abstract

The intriguing recent discovery of strains, especially of clade 1, that (i) possess mosaic / alleles, (ii) demonstrate mixed multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) and (iii) have undergone genome-wide introgression has led to the speculation that these two species may be involved in an accelerated rate of horizontal gene transfer that is progressively leading to the merging of both species in a process coined ‘despeciation’. In an MLST-based neighbour-joining tree of a number of and isolates of different clades, three prominent isolates formed a seemingly separate cluster besides the previously described and clades. In the light of the suspected, ongoing genetic introgression between the and species, this cluster of isolates is proposed to present one of the hybrid clonal complexes in the despeciation process of the genus. Specific DNA methylation as well as restriction modification systems are known to be involved in selective uptake of external DNA and their role in such genetic introgression remains to be further investigated. In this study, the phylogeny and DNA methylation of these putative / hybrid strains were explored, their genomic mosaic structure caused by introgression was demonstrated and basic phenotypic assays were used to characterize these isolates. The genomes of the three hybrid strains were sequenced using PacBio SMRT sequencing, followed by methylome analysis by Restriction-Modification Finder and genome analysis by Parsnp, Smash++ and . Additionally, the strains were phenotypically characterized with respect to growth behaviour, motility, eukaryotic cell invasion and adhesion, autoagglutination, biofilm formation, and water survival ability. Our analyses show that the three hybrid strains are clade 1 . strains, which have acquired between 8.1 and 9.1 % of their genome from . The genomic segments acquired are distributed over the entire genome and do not form a coherent cluster. Most of the genes originating from are involved in chemotaxis and motility, membrane transport, cell signalling, or the resistance to toxic compounds such as bile acids. Interspecies gene transfer from has contributed 8.1–9.1% to the genome of three isolates and initiated the despeciation between and . Based on their functional annotation, the genes originating from enable the adaptation of the three strains to an intra-intestinal habitat. The transfer of a fused type II restriction-modification system that recognizes the CAYNNNNNCTC/GAGNNNNNRTG motif seems to be the key for the recombination of the genetic material with genomes.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Campylobacter coli , Campylobacter jejuni , genome , introgression , methylome and PacBio SMRT sequencing
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Award ZA 697/6-1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AndreasErich Zautner
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2021-10-18
2024-04-20
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Genome and Methylome analysis of a phylogenetic novel Campylobacter coli cluster with C. jejuni introgression
M Gen 7, 000679 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000679
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000679
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000679
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