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Volume 7, Issue 10

Distribution and genomic characterization of tigecycline-resistant (X4)-positive of swine farm origin Open Access

Abstract

The emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline-resistant strains is posing a serious threat to food safety and human health, which has attracted worldwide attention. The tigecycline resistance gene (X4) has been found in diverse sources, but the distribution of (X4) and its genetic background in the animal farming environment is not fully understood. Thirty-two (X)-positive strains isolated from 159 samples collected from swine farms showed resistance to tigecycline. The (X)-positive strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assay, PCR, Illumina and long-read Nanopore sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 11 different sequence types (STs) were identified and most of them belonged to phylogroup A, except ST641. In total, 196 possible prophage sequences were identified and some of the prophage regions were found to carry resistance genes, including (X4). Furthermore, our results showed possible correlations between CRISPR spacer sequences and serotypes or STs. The co-existence of tigecycline-resistant (A) variants and (X4) complicates the evolution of vital resistance genes in farming environments. Further, four reorganization plasmids carrying (X4) were observed, and the formation mechanism mainly involved homologous recombination. These findings contribute significantly to a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of (X4)-bearing plasmids, an emerging novel public health concern.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Escherichia coli , genetic environment , nanopore sequencing , plasmid and tet(X4)
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 31872523)
    • Principle Award Recipient: RuichaoLi
  • Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province (Award BK20180900)
    • Principle Award Recipient: RuichaoLi
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2021-10-25
2024-04-24
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Distribution and genomic characterization of tigecycline-resistant tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli of swine farm origin
M Gen 7, 000667 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000667
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