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Volume 7, Issue 10

Differential nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in children according to respiratory health status Open Access

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) constitute one of the leading causes of antibiotic administration, hospitalization and death among children <5 years old. The upper respiratory tract microbiota has been suggested to explain differential susceptibility to ARIs and modulate ARI severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation of nasopharyngeal microbiota and other microbiological parameters with respiratory health and disease, and to assess nasopharyngeal microbiota diagnostic utility for discriminating between different respiratory health statuses. We conducted a prospective case–control study at Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (, ) from 2014 to 2018. This study included three groups of children <18 years with gradual decrease of ARI severity: cases with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (representative of lower respiratory tract infections and systemic infections), symptomatic controls with mild viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and healthy/asymptomatic controls according to an approximate case–control ratio 1:2. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for detection, quantification and serotyping of pneumococcal DNA, viral DNA/RNA detection and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiological parameters were included on case–control classification models. A total of 140 subjects were recruited (IPD=27, URTI=48, healthy/asymptomatic control=65). Children’s nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to respiratory health status and infection severity. The IPD group was characterized by overrepresentation of , higher frequency of invasive pneumococcal serotypes, increased rate of viral infection and underrepresentation of potential protective bacterial species such as and . Microbiota-based classification models differentiated cases from controls with moderately high accuracy. These results demonstrate the close relationship existing between a child’s nasopharyngeal microbiota and respiratory health, and provide initial evidence of the potential of microbiota-based diagnostics for differential diagnosis of severe ARIs using non-invasive samples.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): children , Dolosigranulum , IPD , microbiota-based diagnostics , nasopharyngeal microbiota and viral URTIs
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Sant Joan de Deu Foundation (Award AFR2015)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Muñoz-AlmagroCarmen
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Award FI17/00248)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Henares BonillaDesiree
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Award PI16/00174)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Muñoz-AlmagroCarmen
  • Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (Award Ayuda SEIMC)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Henares BonillaDesiree
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2021-10-26
2024-04-18
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Differential nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in children according to respiratory health status
M Gen 7, 000661 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000661
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000661
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