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Volume 7, Issue 9

The fall and rise of group B in dairy cattle: reintroduction due to human-to-cattle host jumps? Open Access

Abstract

Group B (GBS; ) is a major neonatal and opportunistic bacterial pathogen of humans and an important cause of mastitis in dairy cattle with significant impacts on food security. Following the introduction of mastitis control programmes in the 1950s, GBS was nearly eradicated from the dairy industry in northern Europe, followed by re-emergence in the 21st century. Here, we sought to explain this re-emergence based on short and long read sequencing of historical (1953–1978; =44) and contemporary (1997–2012; =76) bovine GBS isolates. Our data show that a globally distributed bovine-associated lineage of GBS was commonly detected among historical isolates but never among contemporary isolates. By contrast, tetracycline resistance, which is present in all major GBS clones adapted to humans, was commonly and uniquely detected in contemporary bovine isolates. These observations provide evidence for strain replacement and suggest a human origin of newly emerged strains. Three novel GBS plasmids were identified, including two showing >98 % sequence similarity with plasmids from and subsp. , which co-exist with GBS in the human oropharynx. Our findings support introduction of GBS into the dairy population due to human-to-cattle jumps on multiple occasions and demonstrate that reverse zoonotic transmission can erase successes of animal disease control campaigns.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): anthroponosis , emergence , host adaptation , plasmid , reverse zoonosis and Streptococcus agalactiae
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • University of Glasgow (Award MVLS DTP PhD Studentship cohort 2017)
    • Principle Award Recipient: ChiaraCrestani
  • Medical Research Council (Award MR/N002660/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MarkA Holmes
  • Medical Research Council (Award MR/P007201/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MarkA Holmes
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BBS/E/D/2000217)
    • Principle Award Recipient: SamanthaJ Lycett
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award FORDE/BB/R012075/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: TayaL Forde
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License.
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2021-09-06
2024-04-19
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The fall and rise of group B Streptococcus in dairy cattle: reintroduction due to human-to-cattle host jumps?
M Gen 7, 000648 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000648
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000648
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000648
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