Genomic surveillance of invasive isolates in the period pre-PCV10 and post-PCV10 introduction in Brazil Open Access

Abstract

In 2010, Brazil introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) into the national children’s immunization programme. This study describes the genetic characteristics of invasive isolates before and after PCV10 introduction. A subset of 466 [pre-PCV10 (2008–2009): =232, post-PCV10 (2012–2013): =234;<5 years old: =310, ≥5 years old: =156] pneumococcal isolates, collected through national laboratory surveillance, were whole-genome sequenced (WGS) to determine serotype, pilus locus, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. Following PCV10 introduction, in the <5 years age group, non-vaccine serotypes (NVT) serotype 3 and serotype 19A were the most frequent, and serotypes 12F, 8 and 9 N in the ≥5 years old group. The study identified 65 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs): 49 (88 %) were GPSCs previously described and 16 (12 %) were Brazilian clusters. In total, 36 GPSCs (55 %) were NVT lineages, 18 (28 %) vaccine serotypes (VT) and 11 (17 %) were both VT and NVT lineages. In both sampling periods, the most frequent lineage was GPSC6 (CC156, serotypes 14/9V). In the <5 years old group, a decrease in penicillin (=0.0123) and cotrimoxazole (<0.0001) resistance and an increase in tetracycline (=0.019) were observed. Penicillin nonsusceptibility was predicted in 40 % of the isolates; 127 PBP combinations were identified (51 predicted MIC≥0.125 mg l); cotrimoxazole (A and/or P alterations), macrolide ( and/or ) and tetracycline (M, O or SM) resistance were predicted in 63, 13 and 21.6 % of pneumococci studied, respectively. The main lineages associated with multidrug resistance in the post-PCV10 period were composed of NVT, GPSC1 (CC320, serotype 19A), and GPSC47 (ST386, serotype 6C). The study provides a baseline for future comparisons and identified important NVT lineages in the post-PCV10 period in Brazil.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
  • Wellcome Trust (Award 098051 and 206194)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
  • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Award OPP1034556)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
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2021-10-05
2024-03-29
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