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Volume 7, Issue 8

Adaptive response to wine selective pressures shapes the genome of a interspecies hybrid Open Access

Abstract

During industrial processes, yeasts are exposed to harsh conditions, which eventually lead to adaptation of the strains. In the laboratory, it is possible to use experimental evolution to link the evolutionary biology response to these adaptation pressures for the industrial improvement of a specific yeast strain. In this work, we aimed to study the adaptation of a wine industrial yeast in stress conditions of the high ethanol concentrations present in stopped fermentations and secondary fermentations in the processes of champagne production. We used a commercial hybrid and assessed its adaptation in a modified synthetic must (M-SM) containing high ethanol, which also contained metabisulfite, a preservative that is used during wine fermentation as it converts to sulfite. After the adaptation process under these selected stressful environmental conditions, the tolerance of the adapted strain (H14A7-etoh) to sulfite and ethanol was investigated, revealing that the adapted hybrid is more resistant to sulfite compared to the original H14A7 strain, whereas ethanol tolerance improvement was slight. However, a trade-off in the adapted hybrid was found, as it had a lower capacity to ferment glucose and fructose in comparison with H14A7. Hybrid genomes are almost always unstable, and different signals of adaptation on H14A7-etoh genome were detected. Each subgenome present in the adapted strain had adapted differently. Chromosome aneuploidies were present in chromosome III and in chromosome VII–XVI, which had been duplicated. Moreover, chromosome I was not present in H14A7-etoh and a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) event arose on chromosome I. RNA-sequencing analysis showed differential gene expression between H14A7-etoh and H14A7, which can be easily correlated with the signals of adaptation that were found on the H14A7-etoh genome. Finally, we report alterations in the lipid composition of the membrane, consistent with conserved tolerance mechanisms.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): adaptation , artificial hybrid , genome sequencing , RNA-seq , S. uvarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • ERA CoBioTech (Award MeMBrane)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AlanD Goddard
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Award BB/R02152X/1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AlanD Goddard
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Award PCI2018-093190)
    • Principle Award Recipient: AmparoQuerol
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Award FPU15/01775)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MaríaLairón-Peris
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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2021-08-27
2024-04-16
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Adaptive response to wine selective pressures shapes the genome of a Saccharomyces interspecies hybrid
M Gen 7, 000628 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000628
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000628
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