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Volume 7, Issue 7

Dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing colonization in long-term carriers following travel abroad Open Access

Abstract

Travel to tropical regions is associated with high risk of acquiring extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-E) that are typically cleared in less than 3 months following return. The conditions leading to persistent carriage that exceeds 3 months in some travellers require investigation. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was performed on the 82 ESBL-E isolates detected upon return and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months later from the stools of 11 long-term (>3 months) ESBL-E carriers following travel abroad. One to five different ESBL strains were detected per traveller upon return, and this diminished to one after 3 months. Long-term carriage was due to the presence of the same ESBL strain, for more than 3 months, in 9 out of 11 travellers, belonging to epidemic sequence type complexes (STc 10, 14, 38, 69, 131 and 648). The mean carriage duration of strains belonging to phylogroups B2/D/F, associated with extra-intestinal virulence, was higher than that for commensal-associated A/B1/E phylogroups (3.5 vs 0.5 months, =0.021). Genes encoding iron capture systems (), toxins (, ), adhesins (, , ) and colicin () were more often present in persistent strains than in transient ones. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in persistent strains showed a maximum divergence of eight SNPs over 12 months without signs of adaptation. Genomic plasticity was observed during the follow-up with the loss or gain of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, integrons and/or transposons that may contain resistance genes at different points in the follow-up. Long-term colonization of ESBL-E following travel is primarily due to the acquisition of strains belonging to epidemic clones and harbouring ‘virulence genes’, allowing good adaptation to the intestinal microbiota.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): carriage , E. coli , ESBL , long-term carriage , persistence , travel and whole-genome sequencing
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • FRM (Award DEQ20161136698)
    • Principle Award Recipient: NotApplicable
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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2021-07-19
2022-07-05
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Dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales colonization in long-term carriers following travel abroad
M Gen 7, 000576 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000576
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000576
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000576
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