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Volume 7, Issue 5

Characterization of beta-lactam-resistant from Australian fruit bats indicates anthropogenic origins Open Access

Abstract

Antimicrobial-resistant , particularly those resistant to critically important antimicrobials, are increasingly reported in wildlife. The dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to wildlife indicates the far-reaching impact of selective pressures imposed by humans on bacteria through misuse of antimicrobials. The grey-headed flying fox (GHFF; ), a fruit bat endemic to eastern Australia, commonly inhabits urban environments and encounters human microbial pollution. To determine if GHFF have acquired human-associated bacteria, faecal samples from wild GHFF (287) and captive GHFF undergoing rehabilitation following illness or injury (31) were cultured to detect beta-lactam-resistant . Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR and whole genome sequencing were used to determine phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, strain type and virulence factor profiles. Overall, 3.8 % of GHFF carried amoxicillin-resistant (wild 3.5 % and captive 6.5 %), with 38.5 % of the 13 GHFF isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. Carbapenem ( ) and fluoroquinolone resistance were detected in one isolate, and two isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins ( and ). Resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole were detected in 69.2% and 30.8 % of isolates respectively. Class 1 integrons, a genetic determinant of resistance, were detected in 38.5 % of isolates. Nine of the GHFF isolates (69.2 %) harboured extraintestinal virulence factors. Phylogenetic analysis placed the 13 GHFF isolates in lineages associated with humans and/or domestic animals. Three isolates were human-associated extraintestinal pathogenic (ST10 O89:H9, ST73 and ST394) and seven isolates belonged to lineages associated with extraintestinal disease in both humans and domestic animals (ST88, ST117, ST131, ST155 complex, ST398 and ST1850). This study provides evidence of anthropogenic multidrug-resistant and pathogenic transmission to wildlife, further demonstrating the necessity for incorporating wildlife surveillance within the One Health approach to managing antimicrobial resistance.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): antimicrobial resistance , carbapenem , extended-spectrum beta-lactamases , extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli , One Health and zoonoses
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Lake Macquarie City Council (Award Environmental Research Grant)
    • Principle Award Recipient: MichellePower
  • Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment (Award to Fiona McDougall)
    • Principle Award Recipient: FionaMcDougall
© 2021 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This article was made open access via a Publish and Read agreement between the Microbiology Society and the corresponding author’s institution.
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Characterization of beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from Australian fruit bats indicates anthropogenic origins
M Gen 7, 000571 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000571
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000571
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000571
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