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Volume 6, Issue 9

Complete genome of a unicellular parasite () and transcriptional interactions with its host locust Open Access

Abstract

Microsporidia are a large group of unicellular parasites that infect insects and mammals. The simpler life cycle of microsporidia in insects provides a model system for understanding their evolution and molecular interactions with their hosts. However, no complete genome is available for insect-parasitic microsporidian species. The complete genome of , a microsporidian parasite that obligately infects insects, is reported here. The genome size of is 3 170 203 nucleotides, composed of 17 chromosomes onto which a total of 1857 annotated genes have been mapped and detailed. A unique feature of the genome is the presence of an ultra-low GC region of approximately 25 kb on 16 of the 17 chromosomes, in which the average GC content is only 20 %. Transcription profiling indicated that the ultra-low GC region of the parasite could be associated with differential regulation of host defences in the fat body to promote the parasite’s survival and propagation. Phylogenetic gene analysis showed that , and the microsporidian family in general, is likely at an evolutionarily transitional position between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and that it evolved independently. Transcriptomic analysis showed that can systematically inhibit the locust phenoloxidase PPO, TCA and glyoxylate cycles, and PPAR pathways to escape melanization, and can activate host energy transfer pathways to support its reproduction in the fat body, which is an insect energy-producing organ. Our study provides a platform and model for studies of the molecular mechanisms of microsporidium–host interactions in an energy-producing organ and for understanding the evolution of microsporidia.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): genome , host–pathogen interaction , locust , Microsporidia and transcription
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Award N2013GC1502)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Runlin Z. Ma
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 81871130)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Runlin Z. Ma
  • the China Ministry of Agriculture (Award 2014-Z18)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Long Zhang
© 2020 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License.
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2020-08-12
2024-04-19
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Complete genome of a unicellular parasite (Antonospora locustae) and transcriptional interactions with its host locust
M Gen 6, e000421 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000421
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000421
/content/journal/mgen/10.1099/mgen.0.000421
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