- Volume 4, Issue 1, 2017
Volume 4, Issue 1, 2017
- Case Review
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- Central nervous system
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Primary pyogenic ventriculitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis: case report and review of the literature
More LessBackground. Pyogenic ventriculitis is a well-known complication of meningitis, brain abscesses and intraventricular drains. Primary pyogenic ventriculitis is a rare entity and few cases have been described so far. We report the first case of primary pyogenic ventriculitis in an adult caused by Neisseria meningitidis and present an overview of all reported adult primary pyogenic ventriculitis cases in the English literature.
Methods. A PubMed search was performed using the terms ependymitis, ventricular empyema, pyocephalus and ventriculitis. Filter was set for adults and English. Articles in which pyogenic ventriculitis was a complication of well-known risk factors were excluded. A total of five cases of primary pyogenic ventriculitis were identified.
Results. There were seven adult patients. Only one patient showed signs of meningeal irritation. Four patients had positive blood cultures with Escherichia coli (one patient), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (one patient), one patient was bacteraemic with Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Peptostreptococcus spp., and N. meningitidis (our patient). In four patients cerebrospinal fluid was sent for culture, which yielded methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (one patient), Peptostreptococcus spp. (one patient), Streptococcus intermedius (one patient, identified via 16S PCR) and Listeria monocytogenes (one patient). Cerebrospinal fluid cell count was determined in four patients and showed pleocytosis in all four cases. Ventricular drainage was performed in four patients. Five patients survived.
Discussion. We report the first case of pyogenic ventriculitis caused by N. meningitidis. Primary pyogenic ventriculitis is a rare entity with various clinical presentations caused by various bacterial species. Treatment consists of adequate antimicrobial therapy, and ventricular drainage may be necessary.
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- Case Report
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- Urinary tract and reproductive organs
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Community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex in patients with no underlying risk factor
More LessIntroduction. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Community-acquired UTIs are generally caused by Escherichia coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen mainly affecting immunocompromised and hospitalized patients, particularly those who have received prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy.
Case presentation. Urine samples were collected from 157 outpatients clinically diagnosed with UTI and from 100 healthy control subjects. Samples were cultured on differential media and non-motile lactose-non-fermentors were identified via the Remel RapID ONE system. The isolates were tested by the disc diffusion method against 17 antimicrobial agents. Burkholderia was isolated as a single organism from four patients having uncomplicated infections, and one from recurrent infection. None of these patients had an underlying risk factor for this pathogen. Identification of these isolates by the Remel-RapID ONE system was confirmed by recA gene amplification. The four isolates were resistant to lincomycin, nalidixic acid, oxacillin and penicillin G. These cases received monotherapy of oral co-trimoxazole.
Conclusions. Our findings alert urologists and diagnostic laboratories to the potential of B. cepacia complex infections in similar cases, and that this bacterium should not be ruled out.
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Pasteurella multocida urinary tract infection in a patient with cervical cancer
More LessIntroduction. Infections caused by Pasteurella species are commonly associated with contact with dogs and cats, typically involving bites and scratches, but casual contact with household pets can also be a risk factor. Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Pasteurella species is rare and a significant majority of cases have some known risk factor associated with an underlying chronic illness or structural and/or functional urological abnormality.
Case presentation. Here, we present a case of a UTI due to Pasteurella multocida in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix who also had a household cat.
Conclusion. Providers and laboratorians should be aware of risk factors associated with UTIs caused by Pasteurella species.
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- Soft tissue
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Chromobacterium violaceum infection in chronic granulomatous disease: a case report and review of the literature
More LessIntroduction. Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic human pathogen, associated with significant mortality, and has been reported in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a genetic condition causing impaired phagocytosis.
Case presentation. A 28-year-old man with a history of CGD presented with fever, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and internal jugular vein thrombosis, following travel to the rural Solomon Islands. C. violaceum was recovered from his blood. The patient recovered after treatment with meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis (Lemierre’s syndrome) caused by C. violaceum in a patient with CGD. A review of the literature demonstrated that the diagnosis of C. violaceum preceded the diagnosis of CGD in the majority of cases. This case emphasizes the importance of this organism in patients with CGD who live in or visit tropical areas.
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