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Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. For years, this bacterium has been known to cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, the latter of which most often occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, M. catarrhalis has also been described in various unusual localizations.
We describe the first case of a knee prosthetic infection due to M. catarrhalis. A 75-year-old immunocompetent woman developed a knee infection 5 months after a total knee arthroplasty. The origin of the infection was probably due to a bronchitis episode with haematogenous spread leading to an acute prosthetic infection.
M. catarrhalis should be included in the list of potential pathogens from the throat flora such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. A review of the literature revealed the same clinical presentation, surgical strategy and outcome.
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