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Volume 10,
Issue 4,
1977
Volume 10, Issue 4, 1977
- Short Articles
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Electronmicroscopical Observations on Mycoplasmas in Pneumonic Calves
More LessSUMMARYMycoplasma dispar was recovered from 13 of 28 calves with cuffing pneumonia and mycoplasmas were seen by electronmicroscopical examination of lung tissue from 10 of the 13 animals. Mycoplasmas were detected by electronmicroscopical examination of lung tissue from five of 11 calves that yielded mycoplasmas other than M. dispar on culture. Mycoplasmas were detected in one calf with pneumonia from which organisms could not be cultured. These results indicated a significant association between the isolation of M. dispar and the detection of mycoplasmas by electronmicroscopy.
Pulmonary tissue from six additional pneumonic calves with cuffing pneumonia was fixed and stained by the ruthenium red technique. M. dispar was cultured from three of these calves and electronmicroscopical examination of pulmonary tissue from them demonstrated mycoplasmas with an extracellular capsule similar to that seen in pure cultures of M. dispar. These organisms were neither seen nor isolated from the pulmonary tissue of the other three calves.
The mycoplasmas were seen in close contact with the bronchial epithelium but never intracellularly. The cellular changes seen in the bronchial epithelium of the pneumonic calves were loss of cilia and protrusions of the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells into the bronchial lumen; intracytoplasmic changes consisted of distension and disruption of the mitochondria and vacuole formations in the cytoplasm of the cells of the bronchial epithelium.
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Cytomegalovirus Antibody in The Urine of Renal Transplant Patient
More LessSUMMARYSmall amounts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody were detected in the urine of renal transplant patients excreting the virus. The antibody was probably produced locally, as a result of active CMV infection of the urinary tract.
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Electronmicroscopical Characterisation of Simian Papovavirus SA12
More LessSUMMARYUltrastructural studies of simian virus SA 12, growing in primary cultures of vervet monkey-kidney cells, have demonstrated a typical papovavirus capsid morphology and a diameter of 43 nm. The cytopathic nuclear characteristics, with the absence of virus crystals and elongated capsid forms, distinguish it from SV40 and the human papovaviruses. Like other papovaviruses, SA12 shows a strong affinity for cellular membranes.
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Treatment of Experimental Escherichia Coli Infection in Mice with Colicine V
More LessSUMMARYConcentrated non-toxic preparations of colicine V were obtained by filtering centrifugates of soft-agar cultures of a Col V+ K12 strain of E. coli through Millipore filters in which the colicine V was retained. These preparations, given subcutaneously, favourably influenced the course of disease in mice infected intraperitoneally with a pathogenic strain of E. coli that was very sensitive to colicine V in vitro. A beneficial effect was noted even when treatment was delayed until the mice were visibly ill.
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- Articles
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The Effect of “Humanised” Milks and Supplemented Breast Feeding on The Faecal Flora of Infants
More LessSUMMARYFaecal specimens from 47 babies were examined each week during the first 6 weeks of life. Thirteen infants received breast milk alone, nine received Cow and Gate Premium milk, 10 received Scientific Milk Adaptation Gold Cap milk, and 15 received breast milk and in the first week of life a supplement of modified cows’ milk. An acetate buffer was demonstrated in the faeces of >60% of breast-fed infants during the first 4 weeks of life. No buffer was demonstrated in the faeces of either bottle-fed group over the same period. Only 20% of breast-fed infants receiving a supplement produced an acetate buffer in the 1st week, but this figure increased to 60% by the 4th week. Breast-fed babies produced faeces with a low pH (5.1–5.4), high counts of bifidobacteria and low counts of coliforms, bacteroides and clostridia; with the exception of acetic acid there was a notable absence of most volatile fatty acids from these faeces. Infants fed Premium milk produced faeces with a high pH (5.9-8.0) and a relatively high bifidobacterial count in the 1st week; thereafter no bacterial species predominanted. A wide variety of volatile fatty acids was present in these infants’ faeces. Infants fed Gold Cap milk produced faeces with a high pH (6.4–8.2) and a wide variety of volatile fatty acids; the counts of coliform bacilli and putrefactive bacteria were high, whilst counts of bifidobacteria were low. Breast-fed infants who received a supplement in the 1st week produced acid faeces, but the pH was higher than that of infants fed breast milk alone; the bacterial flora was putrefactive for the first 2 weeks but gradually became fermentative, and whilst several volatile fatty acids were detected in the faeces in the 1st week they gradually decreased during the following 5 weeks.
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Characteristics of The Extracellular M Proteins of Group-A Streptococci
More LessSUMMARYM protein was detected in the concentrated broth-culture supernates of strains of group-A streptococci, belonging to a wide variety of M types, by double-diffusion in gel, and its presence was confirmed in several strains of M-type 12 by complement fixation with absorbed anti-M serum and by the neutralisation of human “bactericidal” antibody. Extracellular M proteins retained their serological activity after heating at 95°C for 10 min. at neutral or acid pH, but were destroyed by proteolytic enzymes. Both the acid-extracted and extracellular M proteins of a type-12 strain had isoelectric points between pH 5.0 and 5.1.
The ratios of extracellular to acid-extractable M protein were significantly higher in M types associated with pyoderma than in those associated with infection of the upper respiratory tract. This was related to a striking tendency for “skin” strains to have less extractable M protein than many of the “throat” strains, and to the fact that only 50% of the “throat” strains had detectable extracellular M protein. On the other hand the majority of “skin” strains (18 of 21) produced extracellular M antigen. The molecular-weight distribution in extracellular and acid-extracted M proteins was inferred from chromatography on Sephadex G100 of culture supernates and corresponding acid extracts. In the “respiratory” M-types 5,12 and 30 the range of molecular weights was wide (5000 to ≧ 150 000) and very similar in the two preparations. In the “skin” serotypes 49, 55, 57 and 60, however, extracellular M protein fell into the range 55 000 to ≧ 150 000, a distribution strikingly different from that in the acid extracts of the corresponding strains (5000 to ≧ 150 000). This suggests that acid extraction may modify the M proteins of pyoderma serotypes more than those of respiratory serotypes.
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Radioimmunoassay of Herpes-Simplex and Measles Virus Antibodies in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Without Infectious or Demyelinating Diseases of The Central Nervous System
More LessSUMMARYA solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to detect IgG antibodies against herpes-simplex virus antigens (capsid, envelope and excreted) and against measles virus antigen in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of 61 patients with no evidence of infectious or demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Quantitative determinations of IgG and albumin in serum and CSF were also performed.
Of the 61 serum and 61 CSF samples tested, 57 and 56 respectively contained antibodies against subunit antigens of herpes simplex virus. Antibody against measles virus was found in 59 serum and 47 CSF specimens.
A positive correlation (P<0.001) was found between each of the four serum to CSF antibody ratios and the serum to CSF total IgG ratios. This indicated that the distribution of antiviral IgG antibodies in serum and CSF normally follows the distribution of total IgG. The ratios between viral antibody in serum and CSF were also correlated with albumin ratios (P<0.05). An inverse relation (P<0.001) was found between the age of the patients and their serum to CSF albumin ratios, but not their IgG ratios, suggesting that the albumin ratio is a useful indicator of a blood brain barrier lesion and that the IgG ratio should be used in evaluating disturbed antibody ratios.
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Rapid Identification of Cell Wall Components As A Guide to The Classification of Aerobic Coryneform Bacteria from Human Skin
More LessSUMMARYIn a survey of over 1000 isolates of aerobic skin coryneforms from a wide variety of sources, Chromatographie methods were used to identify the major cell-wall components in whole-cell hydrolysates.
Most of the skin isolates-like members of the genus Corynebacterium-possessed mejo-diaminopimelic acid and arabinose. However, substantial numbers of coryneforms apparently resident on the skin did not have this pattern; the sites from which they were isolated suggested that some were derived from the environment whilst others (possessing meso-OAF and galactose but not arabinose as major wall components) were members of the resident skin flora.
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Epidemiological Information from Active and Passive Pyocine Typing of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
More LessSUMMARYAn investigation was carried out to determine the value of active and passive pyocine typing in the study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections acquired in hospital. Active typing was a more reliable and reproducible method than passive typing. Both methods were used in studies of nine outbreaks of infection. In six of these episodes there was good agreement between the two methods. Less clear-cut results were achieved in the remaining three episodes. In one of these, active typing gave more valuable information. However, both methods are easy, convenient and of value in epidemiological studies.
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What are Anaerobic Cocci?
More LessSUMMARYCriteria are suggested for the definition of “anaerobic cocci” as a general term to include all obligately anaerobic cocci. Such a definition draws a clear distinction between obligately anaerobic and micro-aerophilic strains and might form a basis both for characterisation of these organisms in the diagnostic laboratory and for further studies on their taxonomy and pathogenicity.
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- Proceedings Of The Pathological Society Of Great Britain And Ireland
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- Books Received
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- Erratum
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 10 (1977)
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