@article{mbs:/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47612-0, author = "Chiou, Ana-Carolina and Andrade, Soraya Sgambatti and Almeida, Samanta Cristine G. and Zanella, Rosemeire Cobo and Andrade, Ana-Lúcia and Brandileone, Maria-Cristina de Cunto", title = "Molecular assessment of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil: evidence of clonal replacement", journal= "Journal of Medical Microbiology", year = "2008", volume = "57", number = "7", pages = "839-844", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47612-0", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47612-0", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1473-5644", type = "Journal Article", keywords = "SC, Dice similarity coefficient", keywords = "CI, confidence interval", keywords = "MLST, multilocus sequence typing", keywords = "OR, odds ratio", abstract = "In Brazil, serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most prevalent causes of severe infection. This study investigated the genetic relatedness of 134 serotype 1 isolates obtained from invasive diseases during the period 1977–2005. Molecular typing by PFGE revealed two major lineages using visual inspection and computer analysis. Type A comprised 94 isolates (70.2 %) with four subtypes, whereas type B comprised 40 isolates (29.8 %) with eight subtypes. Subtype A3, the most frequent genotype, accounting for 65 % of the total isolates, was identified as a representative of clone Sweden1-40 (ST304). Type B was predominant in the period 1977–1988. In contrast, an increase in the type A lineage was detected from 1990 in Brazil, significantly associated with isolates recovered from pneumonia cases and from young patients. This study clearly established a temporal switch between two lineages of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil, with a wide dispersion of clone Sweden1-40 in recent years.", }