1887

Abstract

A key step in K1 meningitis is the crossing of the blood-brain barrier by the bacteria in order to gain entry into the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, a novel model to study K1 invasion of the CNS is described that uses the African migratory locust, . By injecting bacteria into isolated locust head capsules, it was demonstrated that K1 invade the locust brain within 2 h in numbers depending on the concentration of bacteria injected. Using several mutants derived from K1, it was shown that outer-membrane protein A is a critical bacterial determinant required for the K1 invasion. The isogenic gene-deletion mutants, Δ, Δ, Δ and a rough LPS mutant showed significantly reduced invasion of locust brain. This novel model for the study of K1 pathogenesis offers several advantages over existing mammalian models in relation to its relative ease of use, cost-effectiveness and ethical acceptability.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47568-0
2008-01-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/57/1/106.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47568-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Achtman M., Mercer A., Kusecek B., Pohl A., Heuzenroeder M., Aaronson W., Sutton A., Silver R. P. 1983; Six widespread bacterial clones among Escherichia coli K1 isolates. Infect Immun 39:315–335
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen P. M., Roberts I., Boulnois G. J., Saunders J. R., Hart C. A. 1987; Contribution of capsular polysaccharide and surface properties to virulence of Escherichia coli K1. Infect Immun 55:2662–2668
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Alsam S., Jeong S. R., Sissons J., Dudley R., Kim K. S., Khan N. A. 2006; Escherichia coli interactions with Acanthamoeba : a symbiosis with environmental and clinical implications. J Med Microbiol 55:689–694 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Carlson S. D., Juang J. L., Hilgers S. L., Garment M. B. 2000; Blood barriers of the insect. Annu Rev Entomol 45:151–174 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. de Louvois J., Blackbourn J., Hurley R., Harvey D. 1991; Infantile meningitis in England and Wales: a two year study. Arch Dis Child 66:603–607 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Goldsworthy G., Mullen L., Opoku-Ware K., Chandrakant S. 2003; Interactions between the endocrine and immune systems in locusts. Physiol Entomol 28:54–61 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Jung S. Y., Matin A., Kim K. S., Khan N. A. 2007; The capsule plays an important role in Escherichia coli K1 interactions with Acanthamoeba . Int J Parasitol 37:417–423 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Khan N. A., Wang Y., Kim K. J., Chung J. W., Wass C. A., Kim K. S. 2002; Cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 contributes to Escherichia coli K1 invasion of the central nervous system. J Biol Chem 277:15607–15612 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Khan N. A., Shin S., Chung J. W., Kim K. J., Elliott S., Wang Y., Kim K. S. 2003; Outer membrane protein A and cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 use diverse signaling mechanisms for Escherichia coli K1 invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Microb Pathog 35:35–42 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Khan N. A., Kim Y., Shin S., Kim K. S. 2007; FimH-mediated Escherichia coli K1 invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Microbiol 9:169–178 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kim K. S. 2001; Escherichia coli translocation at blood-brain barrier. Infect Immun 69:5217–5222 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kim K. S. 2002; Strategy of Escherichia coli for crossing the blood-brain barrier. J Infect Dis 186:Suppl 2S220–S224 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kim K. S. 2006; Microbial transduction of the blood-brain barrier. Int J Parasitol 36:607–614 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kim K. S., Itabashi H., Gemski P., Sadoff J., Warren R. L., Cross A. S. 1992; The K1 capsule is the critical determinant in the development of Escherichia coli meningitis in the rat. J Clin Invest 90:897–905 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Kim K. J., Elliott S. J., Di Cello F., Stins M. F., Kim K. S. 2003; The K1 capsule modulates trafficking of E. coli -containing vacuoles and enhances intracellular bacterial survival in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Microbiol 5:245–252 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Nassif X., Bourdoulous S., Eugene E., Couraud P. 2002; How do extracellular pathogens cross the blood-brain barrier?. Trends Microbiol 10:227–232 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Scully L. R., Bidochka M. J. 2006; Developing insect models for the study of current and emerging human pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 263:1–9 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Silver R. P., Aaronson W., Sutton A., Schneerson R. 1980; Comparative analysis of plasmids and some metabolic characteristics of Escherichia coli K1 from diseased and healthy individuals. Infect Immun 29:200–206
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Unhanand M., Mustafa M. M., McCracken G. H., Nelson J. D. 1993; Gram-negative enteric bacillary meningitis: a twenty-one-year experience. J Pediatr 122:15–21 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47568-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47568-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error