1887

Journal of Medical Microbiology logo

Volume 56, Issue 11

Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in liver biopsies of proven hepatocellular carcinoma in India determined by an in-house immunoperoxidase test Free

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The incidence of HCC in India is reportedly low and varies from 0.2  to 1.9 %. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites produced by and , are potent human carcinogens implicated in HCC. The prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as co-carcinogen was analysed using an in-house immunoperoxidase test in 31 liver biopsies and 7 liver-resection specimens from histopathologically proven HCC, and in 15 liver biopsies from cirrhosis patients (control group). Serum was tested for hepatitis B and C serological markers using commercial assays, and for AFB1 using an in-house ELISA with a sensitivity of ∼1 ng ml for AFB1. In spite of positive AFB1 immunostaining in HCC cases, all serum specimens, from both HCC and the control groups, were AFB1-negative. There were 18 (58.1 %) HCC cases that revealed AFB1 in liver biopsies; 68.8 % (=11) of non-B non-C hepatitis cases with HCC and 46.1 % (=6) of the hepatitis B surface-antigen-positive subjects were positive for AFB1. Out of the two hepatitis B/hepatitis C virus co-infected cases, one was positive for AFB1. Of seven tumour-resection samples, six were positive for AFB1. Only one case revealed AFB1 in the non-tumour area of the resected material. Thus AFB1 staining was significantly associated with tumour tissue (=0.03). Aflatoxins proved to have a significant association with HCC in this peninsular part of the subcontinent. The impact seems to be a cumulative process, as revealed by the AFB1 deposits in HCC liver tissue, even though the serum levels were undetectable.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): AFB1, aflatoxin B1 , DAB, 3′3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride , HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen and HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
SGM
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0
2007-11-01
2023-05-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/56/11/1455.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Block T. M., Mehta A. S., Fimmel C. J., Jordan R. 2003; Molecular viral oncology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 22:5093–5107 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bressac B., Kew M., Wands J., Ozturk M. 1991; Selective G to T mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma from southern Africa. Nature 350:429–431 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Busby W. F. Jr, Wogan G. N. 1984; Aflatoxins. In Chemical Carcinogens vol 2, 2nd edn. pp 945–1136 Edited by Searle C. E. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society;
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Campbell T. C., Chen J., Liu C., Li J., Parpia B. 1990; Nonassociation of aflatoxin with primary liver cancer in a cross-sectional ecological survey in the People's Republic of China. Cancer Res 50:6882–6893
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen C. J., Zhang Y. J., Lu S. N., Santell R. M. 1992; Aflatoxin B1 DNA adducts in smeared tumor tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 16:1150–1155 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. De Vries H. R., Lamplugh S. M. 1989; Aflatoxins in liver biopsies from Kenya. Trop Geogr Med 41:26–30
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Dhir V., Mohandas K. M. 1998; Epidemiology of digestive cancer in India. III. Liver. Indian J Gastroenterol 17:100–103
     [Google Scholar]
  8. El-Serag H. B. 2004; Hepatocellular carcinoma: recent trends in the United States. Gastroenterology 127:S27–S34 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Hoseyni M. S. 1992; Risk assessment for aflatoxin. III. Modeling the relative risk of hepatocellular cancer. Risk Anal 12:123–128 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Hsu I. C., Metcalf R. A., Sun T., Welsh J. A., Wang N. J., Harris C. C. 1991; Mutational hotspot in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Nature 350:427–428 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. IARC 1993; Aflatoxins. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 56:245–395
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Lam K. C., Yu M. C., Leung J. W. C., Henderson B. E. 1982; Hepatitis B virus and cigarette smoking: risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Hong Kong. Cancer Res 42:5246–5248
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Laurent-Puig P., Legoix P., Bluteau O., Belghiti J., Franco D., Binot F., Monges G., Thomas G., Bioulac-Sage P., Zucman-Rossi J. 2001; Genetic alterations associated with hepatocellular carcinomas define distinct pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 120:1763–1773 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Lin J. K., Mille J. A., Miller E. C. 1977; 2,3-Dihydro-2-(guan-7-yl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1, a major acid hydrolysis product of aflatoxin B1-DNA or ribosomal RNA adducts formed in hepatic microsome-mediated reactions in rat liver in vivo . Cancer Res 37:4430–4438
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Lu S. N., Lin T. M., Chen C. J., Chen J. S., Liaw Y. F., Chang W. Y., Hsu S. T. 1988; A case-control study of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Cancer 62:2051–2055 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Marrero J. A., Fontana R. J., Fu S., Conjeevaram H. S., Su G. L., Lok A. S. 2005; Alcohol, tobacco and obesity are synergistic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 42:218–224
     [Google Scholar]
  17. McMahon G., Davis E. F., Huber L. J., Kim Y., Wogan G. N. 1990; Characterization of c-Ki- ras and N- ras oncogenes in aflatoxin B1-induced rat liver tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1104–1108 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Parkin D. M., Whelan S. L., Ferlay J., Raymond L., Young J. 1997 Cancer Incidence in Five Continents vol VII Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer;
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Peers F., Bosch X., Kaldor J., Linsell A., Pluijmen M. 1987; Aflatoxin exposure, hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer in Swaziland. Int J Cancer 39:545–553 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Ross R. K., Yuan J. M., Yu M. C., Wogan G. N., Qian G. S., Tu J. T., Groopman J. D., Gao Y. T., Henderson B. E. 1992; Urinary aflatoxin biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 339:943–946 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Shibuya K., Mathers C. D., Boschi-Pinto C., Lopez A. D., Murray C. J. 2002; Global and regional estimates of cancer mortality and incidence by site: II. Results for the global burden of disease. BMC Cancer 2:37 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Tandon B. N., Krishnamurthy L., Koshy A., Tandon H. D., Ramalingaswami V., Bhandari J. R., Mathur M. M., Mathur P. D. 1977; Study of an epidemic of jaundice, presumably due to toxic hepatitis in Northwest India. Gastroenterology 72:488–494
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Van Rensburg S. J., Cook-Mozaffari P., Van Schalkwyk D. J., Van Der Watt J. J., Vincent T. J., Purchase I. F. 1985; Hepatocellular carcinoma and dietary aflatoxin in Mozambique and Transkei. Br J Cancer 51:713–726 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Wang J. S., Huang T., Su J., Liang F., Wei Z., Liang Y., Luo H., Kuang S.-Y., Qian G.-S. other authors 2001; Hepatocellular carcinoma and aflatoxin exposure in Zhuqing Village, Fusui County, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:143–146
     [Google Scholar]
  25. World Health Organization 1998; Food additives series 40. In Safety Evaluations of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants Aflatoxins pp 359–468 Geneva: World Health Organization;
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Wilkinson A. P., Denning D. W., Morgan M. R. A. 1988; Analysis of UK sera for aflatoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hum Toxicol 7:353–356 [CrossRef]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Williams J. H., Phillips T. D., Jolly P. E., Stiles J. K., Jolly C. M., Aggarwal D. 2004; Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences, and interventions. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1106–1122
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Yeh F. S., Yu M. C., Mo C. C., Luo S., Tong M. J., Henderson B. E. 1989; B virus, aflatoxins and hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Guangxi, China. Cancer Res 49:2506–2509
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0
Loading
Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in liver biopsies of proven hepatocellular carcinoma in India determined by an in-house immunoperoxidase test
J. Med. Microbiol. 56, 1455 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited this month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error