1887

Abstract

The antibiotic sensitivity and the serotype and molecular type (MT) distribution of 41 strains isolated from individual patients in Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, were investigated. While all strains were sensitive to erythromycin (MIC 0.5–4 mg l), 35 isolates (85.4 %) exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC 8–64 mg l). All resistant strains carried the Thr-86 to Ile mutation in the gyrase A () gene, as shown by mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) and confirmed by sequencing. Based on the partial sequences of , resistant isolates carried 10 distinct alleles, eight of them representing new variants. Strains were assigned to 30 MTs based on the combined results of PFGE and PCR-RFLP typing. Eight of the 35 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, isolated over a period of more than 1 year, represented the largest MT, also carrying the same allelic variant of the gene. These results show that the local incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance among is one of the highest reported worldwide. It was also demonstrated that stable MTs could persist for a relatively long time among the clonally unrelated antibiotic-resistant isolates of . The data also emphasize the need to replace fluoroquinolones as empirical therapy for diarrhoea of undiagnosed aetiology.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46744-0
2006-11-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/jmm/55/11/1533.html?itemId=/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46744-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aarts H. J., Van Lith L. A., Jacobs-Reitsma W. F. 1995; Discrepancy between Penner serotyping and polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of Campylobacter isolated from poultry and other animal sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 20:371–374 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Albert M. J., Neil L., Pazhoor A. A., Haridas S., Rotimi V. O., Khan I. 2005; Ciprofloxacin resistance and its molecular mechanism in Campylobacter spp. isolated in Kuwait. Microb Drug Resist 11:266–270 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beckmann L., Muller M., Luber P., Schrader C., Bartelt E., Klein G. 2004; Analysis of gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant and -susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates from retail poultry and human clinical isolates by non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 96:1040–1047 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Butzler J. P. 2004; Campylobacter , from obscurity to celebrity. Clin Microbiol Infect 10:868–876 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ‘Campynet’ PFGE Subtyping Subgroup 2000 ‘Campynet’ Prototype Standardised Protocol for Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis-Based DNA Typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli ; http://campynet.vetinst.dk/PFGE.html
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chu Y. W., Chu M. Y., Luey K. Y., Ngan Y. W., Tsang K. L., Kam K. M. 2004; Genetic relatedness and quinolone resistance of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated in 2002 in Hong Kong. Clin Microbiol 42:3321–3323 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Dionisi A. M., Luzzi I., Carattoli A. 2004; Identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and analysis of the gyrA gene by the LightCycler mutation assay. Mol Cell Probes 18:255–261 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Ekdahl K., Andersson Y. 2004; Regional risks and seasonality in travel-associated campylobacteriosis. BMC Infect Dis 4:54 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Engberg J., Aarestrup F. M., Taylor D. E., Gerner-Smidt P., Nachamkin I. 2001; Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli : resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 7:24–34 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Engberg J., Neimann J., Nielsen E. M., Aerestrup F. M., Fussing V. 2004; Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections: risk factors and clinical consequences. Emerg Infect Dis 10:1056–1063 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Guerrant R. L., Van Gilder T., Steiner T. S. & 15 other authors; 2001; Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis 32:331–351 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hakanen A., Jalava J., Kotilainen P., Jousimies-Somer H., Siitonen A., Huovinen P. 2002; gyrA polymorphism in Campylobacter jejuni : detection of gyrA mutations in 162 C. jejuni isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2644–2647 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hänninen M. L., Perko-Makela P., Rautelin H., Duim B., Wagenaar J. A. 2001; Genomic relatedness within five common Finnish Campylobacter jejuni pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, ribotyping, and serotyping. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1581–1586 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jain D., Sinha S., Prasad K. N., Pandey C. M. 2005; Campylobacter species and drug resistance in a north Indian rural community. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99:207–214 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Jumaa P. A., Neringer R. 2005; A survey of antimicrobial resistance in a tertiary referral hospital in the United Arab Emirates. J Chemother 17:376–379 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Kumar S., Tamura K., Nei M. 2004; mega3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5:150–163 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Luo N., Pereira S., Sahin O., Lin J., Huang S., Michel L., Zhang Q. 2005; Enhanced in vivo fitness of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:541–546 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Manning G., Duim B., Wassenaar T., Wagenaar J. A., Ridley A., Newell D. G. 2001; Evidence for a genetically stable strain of Campylobacter jejuni . Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1185–1189 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Manning G., Dowson C. G., Bagnall M. C., Ahmed I. H., West M., Newell D. G. 2003; Multilocus sequence typing for comparison of veterinary and human isolates of Campylobacter jejuni . Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6370–6379 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. NCCLS 2003 Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically , approved standard, 6th edn. Document M7-A6 Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. NCCLS 2005 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing , 15th information supplement. Document M100-S13 Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Nelson J. M., Smith K. E., Vugia D. J. & 8 other authors; 2004; Prolonged diarrhea due to ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter infection. J Infect Dis 190:1150–1157 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nielsen E. M., Engberg J., Madsen M. 1997; Distribution of serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from Danish patients, poultry, cattle and swine. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 19:47–56 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Patton C. M., Wachsmuth I. K., Evins G. M., Kiehlbauch J. A., Plikaytis B. D., Troup N., Tompkins L., Lior H. 1991; Evaluation of 10 methods to distinguish epidemic-associated Campylobacter strains. J Clin Microbiol 29:680–688
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Penner J. L., Hennessy J. N. 1980; Passive hemagglutination technique for serotyping Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni on the basis of soluble heat-stable antigens. J Clin Microbiol 12:732–737
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Piddock L. J., Ricci V., Pumbwe L., Everett M. J., Griggs D. J. 2003; Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:19–26 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Rautelin H., Hänninen M. L. 1999; Comparison of a commercial test for serotyping heat-stable antigens of Campylobacter jejuni with genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Med Microbiol 48:617–621 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Ruiz J., Goni P., Marco F., Gallardo F., Mirelis B., Jimenez De Anta T., Vila J. 1998; Increased resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni : a genetic analysis of gyrA gene mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. Microbiol Immunol 42:223–226 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Saenz Y., Zarazaga M., Lantero M., Gastanares M. J., Baquero F., Torres C. 2000; Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated from animals, foods, and humans in Spain in 1997–1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:267–271 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Sanders J. W., Isenbarger D. W., Walz S. E. & 9 other authors; 2002; An observational clinic-based study of diarrheal illness in deployed United States military personnel in Thailand: presentation and outcome of Campylobacter infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67:533–538
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Sjogren E., Johny M., Kaijser B. 1989; The serotype distribution of Campylobacter in patients with diarrhoea in Kuwait. FEMS Microbiol Lett 48:237–239
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Talhouk R. S., el-Dana R. A., Araj G. F., Barbour E., Hashwa F. 1998; Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Campylobacter isolates recovered from humans and poultry in Lebanon. J Med Liban 46:310–316
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Wareing D. R., Bolton F. J., Fox A. J., Wright P. A., Greenway D. L. 2002; Phenotypic diversity of Campylobacter isolates from sporadic cases of human enteritis in the UK. J Appl Microbiol 92:502–509 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Wassenaar T. M., Newell D. G. 2000; Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1–9 [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Yates J. 2005; Traveler's Diarrhea. Am Fam Physician 71:2095–2100
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Zirnstein G., Li Y., Swaminathan B., Angulo F. 1999; Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates: detection of gyrA resistance mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR and DNA sequence analysis. J Clin Microbiol 37:3276–3328
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46744-0
Loading
/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.46744-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error